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Maryville NURS 611 Exam 3 Questions and Complete Solutions Graded A+
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Maryville NURS 611 Exam 3 Questions and Complete Solutions Graded A+
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Maryville NURS611 Exam 3
Questions and
Complete Solutions
Graded A+
Denning [Date] [Course title]
,What are clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism? - Answer: Constipation, decreased heat rate, and
lethargy
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is released to stimulate thyroid hormone (TH) and is inhibited when
plasma levels of TH are adequate. This is an example of: - Answer: Negative feedback. Feedback
systems provide precise monitoring and control of the cellular environment. Negative feedback occurs
because the changing chemical, neural, or endocrine response to a stimulus negates the initiating
change that triggered the release of the hormone.
Lipid-soluble hormone receptors are located: - Answer: Inside the plasma membrane in the cytoplasm.
The releasing hormones that are made in the hypothalamus travel to the anterior pituitary via the: -
Answer: Portal hypophyseal blood vessels.
Which mineral is needed for thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) to stimulate the secretion of thyroid
hormone (TH)? - Answer: Iodide.
What effect does hyperphosphatemia have on other electrolytes? - Answer: Decreases serum calcium.
Insulin transports which electrolyte in the cell? - Answer: Potassium.
Which second messenger is stimulated by epinephrine binding to a β-adrenergic receptor? - Answer:
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Second-messenger molecules are the initial link between the
first signal (hormone) and the inside of the cell. For example, the binding of epinephrine to a β
adrenergic-receptor subtype activates (through a stimulatory G protein) the enzyme, adenylyl cyclase.
Adenylyl cyclase catalyzes the conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to the second messenger, 3',
and 5'-cAMP.
Regulation of the release of catecholamines from the adrenal medulla is an example of which type of
regulation? - Answer: Neural. The release of hormones occurs either in response to an alteration in the
cellular environment or in the process of maintaining a regulated level of certain hormones or certain
substances. Several different mechanisms, one of which is neural control (e.g., stress-induced release of
catecholamines from the adrenal medulla), regulate the release of hormones.
, Which hormone does the second messenger calcium (Ca++) bind to activate phospholipase C through a
G protein? - Answer: Angiotensin II. Ca++ is considered an important second messenger that facilitates
the binding of a hormone (e.g., norepinephrine, angiotensin II) to a surface receptor, activating the
enzyme phospholipase C through a G protein inside the plasma membrane.
The control of calcium in cells is important because it: - Answer: Acts as a second messenger. In addition
to being an important ion that participates in a multitude of cellular actions, Ca++ is considered an
important second messenger.
Where is antidiuretic hormone (ADH) synthesized, and where does it act? - Answer: Hypothalamus;
renal tubular cells. Once synthesized in the hypothalamus, ADH acts on the vasopressin 2 (V2) receptors
of the renal duct cells to increase their permeability.
How does a faulty negative-feedback mechanism result in a hormonal imbalance? - Answer: Excessive
hormone production results from a failure to turn off the system. Negative- feedback systems are
important in maintaining hormones within physiologic ranges. The lack of negative-feedback inhibition
on hormonal release often results in pathologic conditions. Excessive hormone production, which is the
result of the failure to turn off the system, can cause various hormonal imbalances and related
conditions.
A deficiency of which chemical may result in hypothyroidism? - Answer: Iodine. The only cause of
hypothyroidism from among the provided options is a deficiency of endemic iodine.
What imbalance lessens the rate of secretion of parathyroid hormone - Answer: The overall effect of
parathyroid hormone (PTH)is to increase serum calcium and to decrease serum phosphate
concentration.
Which condition may result from pressure exerted by a pituitary tumor? - Answer: Hypothyroidism. If
the tumor exerts sufficient pressure, then thyroid and adrenal hypofunction may occur because of lack
of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). These result in the
symptoms of hypothyroidism and hypocortisolism.
Which substance is a water-soluble protein hormone? - Answer: Insulin. Peptide or protein hormones,
such as insulin, pituitary, hypothalamic, and parathyroid, are water soluble and circulate in free
(unbound) forms.
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