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BIO 669 FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE BALANCE/ACID BASE BALANCE NORTHERN KENTUCKY UNIVERSITY
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BIO 669 FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE BALANCE/ACID BASE BALANCE NORTHERN KENTUCKY UNIVERSITY
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BIO 669 FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE BALANCE/ACIDBASE BALANCE NORTHERN KENTUCKY UNIVERSITY
Aldosterone is influenced by what? - answers -circulating blood volume, blood pressure,
plasma concentrations of sodium and potassium
What is released when circulating blood volume of bp is decreased or sodium is
decreased or potassium is increased? - answers -renin is secreted and released by the
kidneys
Renin stimulates the release of what? - answers -angiotensin
Water balance is primarily regulated by what? - answers -antidiuretic hormone (adh,
vasopressin)
Adh secretion increases what? - answers -water reabsorption into the plasma
What are thirst receptors called? - answers -osmolality receptors
What are osmolality receptors stimulated by? - answers -hyperosmolality and plasma
volume depletion
Volume receptors and baroreceptors stimulate the release of _______ from the ______
and stimulate thirst due to fluid loss - answers -adh; pituitary gland
If sodium levels rise too much, _____________ will be stimulated to be released to aid
in the retention of water - answers -adh
An isotonic fluid excess is called? - answers -hypervolemia
Excessive administration of iv fluids can lead to? - answers -hypervolemia
Hypersecretion of aldosterone can lead to? - answers -hypervolemia
What are the symptoms of hypervolemia? - answers -distended neck veins, increased
bp, increased hydrostatic pressure leading to edema formation
Hypervolemia is treated with? - answers -diuretics
Aldosterone enhances the loss of____________ - answers -potassium
What cardiac manifestations might be seen with hypokalemia? - answers -sinus brady
Av blocks
Paf
Atrial tach
Amplitude of t waves decreases
, Amplitude of u waves increases
St segment depression
Increases in total body potassium are ____________ - answers -rare
What are common causes of hyperkalemia? - answers -increased intake of potassium
A shift of potassium from cells to the ecf
Decreased renal excretion
Ace inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers and aldosterone antagonists can cause a
decrease in the renal excretion of _____________ leading to _____________ -
answers -potassium; hyperkalemia
______________ promotes cellular entry of potassium - answers -insulin
In diabetic ketoacidosis there is a ___________ of insulin which causes
______________ - answers -decrease; hyperkalemia
What are the clinical manifestations of hyperkalemia? - answers -increased
neuromuscular irritability (restlessness, intestinal cramping, diarrhea)
Muscle weakness, loss of muscle tone
Narrow and tall t waves with a shortened qt interval
Delayed cardiac conduction
Renal disease, massive trauma, insulin deficiency, addison's disease, metabolic
acidosis are all causes for____________ - answers -hyperkalemia
The natriuretic peptide system manages ______________ by getting rid of
_______________ - answers -sodium; sodium
Hypernatremia can because by? - answers -dehydration
Increased sodium intake
Fluid shifts
What is intracellular dehydration and what can it lead to? - answers -water movement
from the icf to the ecf; hypernatremia
What are the clinical manifestations of hypernatremia? - answers -thirst
Weight gain
Increased blood pressure
Bounding pulse
Sodium and chloride balance is maintained by______________________ - answers -
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
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