Exam (elaborations)
CHAPTER-18 BODY FLUIDS AND CIRCULATION
- Course
- Institution
CHAPTER-18 BODY FLUIDS AND CIRCULATION
[Show more]
Content preview
CBSE Quick Revision Notes (Class-11 Biology)CHAPTER-18 BODY FLUIDS AND CIRCULATION
Body fluids are the medium of transport of nutrients, oxygen and other important substance in
the body.
Body Fluids
Intracellular Fluid Extracellular Fluid
(Fluid of of each cell) (Blood, Lymph, Cerebrospinal
fluid etc.)
Blood is the most commonly used body fluid in most of the higher organisms. Lymph also
transports certain substances like protein and fats.
Blood
Blood is a mobile connective tissue composed of a fluid, plasma and the cells, the blood
corpuscles. It forms about 30-35% of the extracellular fluid. It is slightly alkaline fluid
having pH7.4.
Plasma is straw coloured viscous fluid that constitutes 55% of blood volume. It consists of
90-92% water, 6-8% protein (fibrinogens, albumins and globulins), glucose, amino acids
and small amount of minerals like Na+, Ca++, Cl- etc.
Erythrocytes, leucocytes and platelets are collectively called formed elements.
Erythrocytes are most abundant cells in human body. Total blood count of RBCs is 5-5.5
million, which is slightly less in females due to menstruation. It is formed in bone marrow.
Nucleus is absent in mammalian RBCs having biconcave in shape.
Every 100 ml of blood contain 12-16 gm. of haemoglobin. They have life span of 120 days.
They are destroyed in spleen( graveyard of RBCs)
Leucocytes or WBCs are colourless due to absence of haemoglobin. 6000-8000 of WBCs are
present in each ml. of blood.
Portal for CBSE Notes, Test Papers, Sample Papers, Tips and Tricks
, WBC
Granulocycts Agranulocyctes
Lymphocytes
Eosinophils
Basophils Monocyctes
Neutrophils
Neutrophils are most abundant and basophils are least abundant WBCs. Monocytes and
neutrophils are phagocytic cells which destroy foreign organisms.
Basophils secrete histamine, serotonin and heparin that involve in inflammatory reactions.
Eosinophils resist infection and allergic reactions. B and T lymphocytes are responsible for
immune response of the body.
Thrombocytes or platelets are cell fragments produced from megakaryocytes in bone marrow.
150000-350000 platelets are present in each ml of blood. Platelets are involved in clotting
or coagulation of blood in case of injuries.
Blood Groups – blood of human beings differ in certain aspects although it appear same in all
individuals. Two main types of grouping are ABO and Rh.
ABO grouping is based on presence or absence of two surface antigens RBC, antigen A and
antigen B. The plasma of an individual also contains two antibodies produced in response of
antigens.
• During blood transfusion, blood of donor has to be matched with blood of recipients to
avoid clumping of RBCs.
• Group ‘O’ blood can be donated to any individual with any blood group, so it is called
universal donor.
Portal for CBSE Notes, Test Papers, Sample Papers, Tips and Tricks
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller lennyjast. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $7.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
80364 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now
