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Biology 1320 Exam 3 Bergh Study Guide with Complete Solutions
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Biology 1320 Exam 3 Bergh Study Guide with Complete Solutions DNA - Answer️️ --deoxyribonucleic acid -stores the information that the cell needs to produce proteins transciption - Answer️️ -the gene's sequence is copied from DNA to a middleman molecule called mRNA translation - Answer...

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  • August 29, 2024
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©SOPHIABENNETT@2024-2025 Saturday, August 24, 2024 8:52 AM

Biology 1320 :Texas State University
Biology 1320 Exam 3 Bergh Study Guide
with Complete Solutions

DNA - Answer✔️✔️--deoxyribonucleic acid

-stores the information that the cell needs to produce proteins

transciption - Answer✔️✔️-the gene's sequence is copied from DNA to a
middleman molecule called mRNA

translation - Answer✔️✔️-the gene's sequence is now encoded in mRNA,
which directs the production of a protein

Griffith's Experiment - Answer✔️✔️-in the 1920's, Frederick Griffith worked
with two strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria. It was discovered
that DNA was transmitted between the toxic and the harmless bacteria.

Bacterial Transformation - Answer✔️✔️-DNA fragments are transported into
the bacterium --> A DNA fragment is incorporated into the chromosome

DNA Structure is a.... - Answer✔️✔️-Double helix

DNA Backbone - Answer✔️✔️-Hydrogen bonds connect complementary
DNA strands; Opposite ends of the strand are designated 5' and 3'. Strands
oriented in different directions

DNA is composed of - Answer✔️✔️-nucleotides




1

, ©SOPHIABENNETT@2024-2025 Saturday, August 24, 2024 8:52 AM

Biology 1320 :Texas State University
Nucleotides - Answer✔️✔️-the phosphate and sugar form the backbone of
the DNA molecule, whereas the bases form the "rungs". There are four
types of nitrogenous bases.

Nucleotide binding in DNA - Answer✔️✔️-Adenine (A) binds to Thymine
(T)

Guanine (G) binds to Cytosine (C)

DNA Sructure - Answer✔️✔️-because of this complementary base pairing,
the order of the bases in one strand determines the order of the bases in the
other strand

Protein Production starts with... - Answer✔️✔️-DNA

A _____ is a sequence of DNA that encodes a specific protein - Answer✔️✔️-
gene

Protein production occurs in 2 stages: - Answer✔️✔️-transcription and
translation

RNA structure is... - Answer✔️✔️-single stranded

DNA function - Answer✔️✔️-stores RNA- and protein- encoding
information; transfers information to next generation of cells

RNA function - Answer✔️✔️-carries protein-encoding information; helps to
make proteins; catalyzes some reactions




2

, ©SOPHIABENNETT@2024-2025 Saturday, August 24, 2024 8:52 AM

Biology 1320 :Texas State University
RNA nucleotide base pairings - Answer✔️✔️-Cytosine (C) pairs to Guanine
(G)

Adenine (A) pairs to Uracil (U)

Three types of RNA interact to produce proteins (transcription) -
Answer✔️✔️--Messenger RNA (mRNA)

-Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

-Transfer RNA (tRNA)

How does DNA pair with RNA? - Answer✔️✔️-DNA --> RNA

A --> U

C --> G

G --> C

T --> A

Transcription Steps - Answer✔️✔️-Initiation, Elongation, Termination

Initiation of Transcription - Answer✔️✔️-RNA polymerase binds to the
promoter, which is the beginning of the gene

Elongation in Transcription - Answer✔️✔️-RNA polymerase moves along
the template strand, making an RNA copy. Notice that the RNA molecule
is complementary to the DNA template strand.

Termination of Transciption - Answer✔️✔️-RNA, DNA, and RNA
polymerase separate. DNA becomes a double helix again


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