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Pathophysiology DNP South Alabama NU 545 Questions With Complete Solutions
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Pathophysiology DNP South Alabama NU 545 Questions With Complete Solutions
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Pathophysiology DNP SouthAlabama NU 545
1. What is the primary mechanism of action for the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes
mellitus?
a) Insulin resistance due to obesity
b) Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
c) Insulin receptor dysfunction
d) Increased glucose production by the liver
Answer: b) Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
2. Which of the following is a characteristic feature of acute inflammation?
a) Granuloma formation
b) Fibrosis
c) Edema and neutrophil infiltration
d) Chronic lymphocyte infiltration
Answer: c) Edema and neutrophil infiltration
3. In the context of congestive heart failure (CHF), which compensatory mechanism
is primarily responsible for fluid retention?
a) Increased secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
b) Decreased activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)
c) Increased activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)
d) Decreased secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Answer: c) Increased activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)
4. What is the primary pathophysiological change observed in chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD)?
a) Hyperinflation of alveoli
,b) Destruction of the alveolar-capillary membrane
c) Acute bronchoconstriction
d) Excessive mucus production and airway obstruction
Answer: d) Excessive mucus production and airway obstruction
5. Which of the following best describes the underlying pathophysiology of
osteoarthritis?
a) Autoimmune-mediated destruction of cartilage
b) Inflammatory erosion of joint synovium
c) Degeneration and loss of articular cartilage
d) Bacterial infection leading to joint destruction
Answer: c) Degeneration and loss of articular cartilage
6. In the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis, which of the following is
considered a key factor in joint destruction?
a) Increased levels of cortisol
b) Autoantibody-mediated attack on synovial cells
c) Excessive production of osteoblasts
d) Decreased levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6)
Answer: b) Autoantibody-mediated attack on synovial cells
7. Which of the following best describes the primary change in myocardial
infarction?
a) Increased contractility of the myocardium
b) Decreased perfusion of myocardial tissue due to blockage of a coronary artery
c) Increased blood flow through coronary arteries
d) Hyperplasia of myocardial cells
,Answer: b) Decreased perfusion of myocardial tissue due to blockage of a coronary
artery
8. In the context of renal pathophysiology, what is the primary effect of
glomerulonephritis on kidney function?
a) Increased urine output
b) Decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
c) Increased tubular reabsorption of sodium
d) Decreased urine concentration
Answer: b) Decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
9. What is a common pathophysiological feature of hypertension?
a) Increased blood volume due to decreased sodium reabsorption
b) Endothelial dysfunction and increased peripheral vascular resistance
c) Decreased cardiac output due to reduced heart rate
d) Increased renal blood flow leading to diuresis
Answer: b) Endothelial dysfunction and increased peripheral vascular resistance
10. In the context of diabetes mellitus, which of the following is a primary
pathophysiological effect of prolonged hyperglycemia?
a) Decreased glycogenolysis in the liver
b) Increased insulin sensitivity
c) Damage to small blood vessels (microangiopathy)
d) Enhanced glucose uptake by cells
Answer: c) Damage to small blood vessels (microangiopathy)11. Which of the
following best describes the pathophysiological process involved in asthma?
a) Progressive destruction of lung tissue
b) Persistent inflammation and bronchial hyperreactivity
c) Chronic infection of the airways
, d) Decreased production of surfactant
Answer: b) Persistent inflammation and bronchial hyperreactivity
12. In the pathophysiology of peptic ulcer disease, which of the following factors is
most commonly associated with ulcer formation?
a) Decreased gastric acid secretion
b) Chronic use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
c) Decreased activity of Helicobacter pylori
d) Increased production of prostaglandins
Answer: b) Chronic use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
13. What is the primary pathophysiological change in chronic kidney disease (CKD)?
a) Decreased renal tubular reabsorption of glucose
b) Progressive loss of nephron function
c) Increased glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
d) Increased synthesis of erythropoietin
Answer: b) Progressive loss of nephron function
14. In the context of hypothyroidism, which of the following is a common
pathophysiological effect?
a) Increased metabolic rate
b) Decreased levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
c) Decreased production of thyroid hormones
d) Hyperglycemia
Answer: c) Decreased production of thyroid hormones
15. What is the primary pathophysiological mechanism behind the development of
atherosclerosis?
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