Exam 2 - ExRx for those with Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Diseases Exam Study Guide with Complete Solutions
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Course
ExRx
Institution
ExRx
Exam 2 - ExRx for those with Cardiovascular
and Pulmonary Diseases Exam Study Guide
with Complete Solutions
Injury to the endothelium (many causes) → .......
-2 main causes? - Answer️️ -endothelial dysfunction...
-high Blood Pressure (results in higher turbulent flow - excessive pounding...
Exam 2 - ExRx for those with Cardiovascular
and Pulmonary Diseases Exam Study Guide
with Complete Solutions
Injury to the endothelium (many causes) → .......
-2 main causes? - Answer✔️✔️-endothelial dysfunction...
-high Blood Pressure (results in higher turbulent flow - excessive pounding
on endothelial cells)
-glycosolated haemoglobin = HbA1c (% of Hb that has glycogen attached)
(spikes of the glucose rake the endothelial layer causing it to become
damaged)
Endothelial dysfunction causes .....
-5 step process? - Answer✔️✔️--disturbed blood flow which causes
-endothelial cell activation (since the cells have been damaged)
-recruitment of inflammatory cells to vessel wall (WBCs arrive here)
-cell signaling facilitates LDL retention in tunica intima (LDL is used to
help the endothelial layer heal but if too much LDL is retained, it can lead
to blood clotting).
-oxidative modification by ROS and inflammatory enzymes
What is the problem with hypertension/diabetes in terms of the effect on
endothelial dysfunction? - Answer✔️✔️-Can cause accumulation of lipids as
endothelial layer is constantly being damaged
Accumulation of lipids
-5 step process? - Answer✔️✔️-↳ monocytes become macrophages which try
to digest mLDL. When the macrophages cannot digest any more mLDL,
they become foam cells
￮ Intermittent ....... or ........ 12-24hrs after MI
⁃ purpose of this?
⁃ Should include documentation of .....
• Individual education on modifiable ..... factors
￮ After physical ability and psychological willingness is ...... - Answer✔️✔️-•
Clinical
• ambulation (moving/walking)
￮ sitting; standing
⁃ "prevent" exercise performance decrements
⁃ vital signs
• risk
￮ known
Inpatient Cardiac Rehabilitation: Guidelines
• Before discharge:
￮ Need to know ........ activities (Heavy lifting, climbing stairs, yard work,
etc)
￮ Need to have a ..... plan of exercise
￮ Individuals should know how to identify ...... signs and symptoms
4
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