Exam (elaborations)
Patho Exam 1 - UNMC Nursing Latest Update
- Course
- Institution
Patho Exam 1 - UNMC Nursing Latest Update ...
[Show more]
Content preview
Patho Exam 1 - UNMC Nursing LatestUpdate
Nociceptors - Answer peripheral pain receptors - impulse starts
Afferent Fibers - Answer A-delta & C fibers (dull aching)
Spinal Cord (dorsal horn/substantia Gelatinosa) - Answer region w/ substance P -
descending efferent input from BRAIN modulate pain at the spinal cord
Brain - Answer for interpretation
pain is the perception of nociceptive events - this means? - Answer impulse must get to
brain and be interpreted before pain is perceived/felt
Gate Control Theory of Pain - L fibers - Answer Large diameter fibers
- conduct impulses fast
- attempt to excite/depolarize/stimulate T cells & SG
- A delta fibers
- stimulation = relaxation, breathing
Gate Control Theory of Pain - S Fibers - Answer Small diameter fibers
- conduct impulses slower
- attempt to excite T cells & inhibit SG (decrease pain perception)
- A-delta & C fibers
- stimulation = anxiety, stress
Gate Control Theory of Pain - SG - Answer Substantia Gelatinosa
- attempt to inhibit T cell
- good to stimulate
Gate Control Theory of Pain - T - Answer Central Transmission
- receives all input
- the more excitation of a T cell, the more pain is felt
- want to AVOID stimulation of t cell
- is inhibited by SG which is stimulated by L
,Gate Control Theory of Pain - Close Gate - Answer Decrease Pain
- stimulate SG
- stimulate L fibers
- inhibit S fibers
- inhibit T cells
Gate Control Theory of Pain - Open Gate - Answer Increase Pain
- stimulate S fibers
- inhibit L fibers
- inhibit SG
potentiate T cells
Normal Osmotic Equilibrium - in regard to fluid balance - Answer - equal in
concentration, NOT volume
- involves primarily osmotic forcers (concentrations & their ability to equalize)
- water moves across membrane toward hypertonic to help dilute the solute down
- increase & decrease in volume cause cells to either shrink or swell
addition of a HYPOTONIC solution to the ECF - Answer - water moves from ECF to ICF
- volume increases in the ICF & decreases in the ECF (cell swells)
- In order summarized - move to ICF, lowers blood volume, cells swell
addition of a HYPERTONIC solution to the ECF - Answer - water moves from ICF to ECF
- volume increases in ECF & decreases in the ICF (cell shrinks)
- in order summarized - higher blood volume, move to ECF, cells shrink, established
osmotic equilibrium
capillary hydrostatic pressure - Answer - favor water out of the capillary (strongest
force favoring on the arterial side)
- pushing of fluid inside the capillary against the walls
-pressure depends on volume of blood and flow of fluid
- C H I O favor
- these are "big"
, Root Words - hydro - Answer push out fluid
Root Words - oncotic - Answer pulls fluid towards them
Interstitial Oncotic Pressure - Answer - favor water out of the capillary
- osmotic pull ( molecules want company)
- in interstitial space
- burn victims
- these are small
Capillary Oncotic Pressure - Answer - opposes water in capillary
- osmotic pull inside the capillary
- big
- large proteins
Interstitial hydrostatic pressure - Answer - pushing of fluid in interstitial space against
walls
- pressure depends on volume (ex. edema pushes on walls)
- small
What happens when altered? - High BP - Answer - capillary hydrostatic pressure
increases
- causes increased pressure against capillary walls
- favors filtration ( water moving OUT of the capillary)
What happens when altered? - Larger blood volume - Answer - capillary hydrostatic
pressure increases
- causes increased pressure against capillary walls
- favors filtration (water moving out of the capillary)
What happens when altered? - Malnutrition/Lower protein concentration in blood -
Answer - capillary oncotic pressure decreases
- proteins NOT pulling from inside capillary
- favors filtration (water moving out of the capillary)
What happens when altered? Increased capillary permeability/burns
- capillary channels open. proteins and fluids leak out - Answer - capillary oncotic
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Flat. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $10.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
67866 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now