NUR2063 Pathophysiology Final Exam
Questions And Correct Answers
Partial thickness burn - answer✔✔a burn in which the first layer of skin (epidermis) is burned
through and the dermis (second layer) is damaged. Burns of this type cause reddening, blistering,
and a mottled appearence. (Also called second-degree burn).
Full thickness burn - answer✔✔a burn involving destruction of the entire skin; extends into
subcutaneous fat, muscle, or bone and often causes severe scarring; commonly called a third-
degree burn
Atopic dermatitis - answer✔✔Excess inflammation; dry skin, redness, and itching from allergies
and irritants.
Errythema - answer✔✔abnormal redness of the skin
Pendiculosis - answer✔✔infestation with lice
Squamous cell carcinoma - answer✔✔Type of skin cancer more serious than basal cell
carcinoma; often characterized by scaly red papules or nodules.
Characteristics of aging skin - answer✔✔-wrinkles
-age spots
-enlarged pores
-delayed healing process
-decrease in melanin
-decrease in elasticity
GOUT - answer✔✔a type of arthritis characterized by deposits of uric acid crystals in the joints
Osteoporosis - answer✔✔a condition in which the bones become fragile and break easily due to
loss of bone density
Dislocation - answer✔✔the total displacement of a bone from its joint
Strain - answer✔✔A condition resulting from damaging a muscle or tendon
Osteomalacia - answer✔✔disease marked by softening of the bone caused by calcium and
vitamin D deficiency
Rickets - answer✔✔osteomalacia in children; causes bone deformity
Scoliosis - answer✔✔abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
Lordosis - answer✔✔abnormal anterior curvature of the lumbar spine (sway-back condition-
pregnancy)
Kyphosis - answer✔✔excessive outward curvature of the spine, causing hunching of the back.
Compartment syndrome - answer✔✔involves the compression of nerves and blood vessels due
to swelling within the enclosed space created by the fascia that separates groups of muscles
Osteoarthritis - answer✔✔inflammation of the bones and joints, degenerative bone disease
Fracture types - answer✔✔classified according to position of bone and its ends after a break
- open (compound)
- closed (simple)
- comminuted
- greenstick
- spiral
- impact
Subluxation - answer✔✔the partial displacement of a bone from its joint
Fibromyalgia - answer✔✔chronic condition with widespread aching and pain in the muscles and
fibrous soft tissue
Rheumatoid arthritis - answer✔✔A chronic systemic disease characterized by inflammation of
the joints, stiffness, pain, and swelling that results in crippling deformities
Ankilosing spondylitis - answer✔✔chronic, progressive arthritis with stiffening of joints,
primarily of the spine
Paget's disease - answer✔✔A disease of unknown origin that is characterized by extensive
breakdown of bone tissue followed by abnormal bone formation.
Diverticulitis - answer✔✔inflammation of a diverticulum
Intusseption - answer✔✔inward telescoping of the intestines
Peptic ulcer disease - answer✔✔A break or ulceration in the protective mucosal lining of the
lower esophagus, stomach, or duodenum
Carcinoma of liver - answer✔✔Liver CA, primary site is rare. Mets to lungs common. Usually a
metastatic site- vascularity. Associated with patients with hx of hep B or C.
Intestinal obstruction - answer✔✔mechanical or functional blockage of the intestines that occurs
when the contents of the intestine cannot move forward through the intestinal tract because of a
partial or complete blockage of the bowel
Pancreatitis - answer✔✔inflammation of the pancreas
Hepatitis B - answer✔✔inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV), which
is transmitted sexually or by exposure to contaminated blood or body fluids
Hepatitis A - answer✔✔inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV), usually
transmitted orally through fecal contamination of food or water
Esophageal varices - answer✔✔swollen, twisted veins in the esophagus that are especially
susceptible to ulceration and hemorrhage
Liver disease - answer✔✔alcoholic liver disease
Esophageal disease - answer✔✔GERD, achalasia, Barrett's, etc.
End stage cirrhosis - answer✔✔liver cell failure and portal hypertension
Gastric ulcers with bleeding stool consistency - answer✔✔Black tarry stools
Costovertebral angle (CVA) - answer✔✔the areas of the back that are over the kidneys; CVA
tenderness on exam can indicate kidney infection
End stage renal disease - answer✔✔The final stage of kidney failure (as that resulting from
diabetes, chronic hypertension, or glomerulonephritis) that is marked by the complete or nearly
complete irreversible loss of renal function
Pre-renal kidney injury - answer✔✔Can be caused by hemorrhage and dehydration, which lead
to decreased renal perfusion
RAAS (renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system) - answer✔✔Renin is released by kidneys in
response to decreased blood volume; causes angiotensinogen to split & produce angiotensin I;
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