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DVC Chem 108 Exam Study Guide
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DVC Chem 108 Exam StudyGuide
Chemical Reaction - Answer One or more substances are converted to new
substances;new properties and compositions
Reactants break - new bonds form
Subscripts - Answer Subscripts indicate the number of atoms
in a chemical formula. We can never
change the subscript in a chemical formula, why?
Coefficients - Answer Coefficients tell us how many molecules or "formula units"
are present in a "balanced" chemical equation. We can
change the coefficient number in a chem. eq. to "balance" it.
Molecule - Answer one unit of a covalent compound- Ex: CCl4
Formula Unit - Answer one unit of an ionic compound- Ex: NaCl
Chemical Reaction Process - Answer A. Bond breaking ALWAYS requires energy
B. Bond forming ALWAYS releases energy
C. Bonds will break to form new products when they gain sufficient energy- sometimes
from high-speed collisions
Other methods that apply to starting a chemical reaction are - Answer Apply heat
Apply electric current
Other collisions (mixing, dissolve in water)
Balancing Chemical Equations - Answer A. Law of conservation of mass must be obeyed
(matter not created not destroyed)
B. Use "coefficients" in front of each term to balance- don't change subscripts to
balance
C. Reduce coefficients to lowest terms when done balancing (if needed)
Single Replacement - Answer one element replaces another element in a compound
, Double Replacement - Answer double switch. Two binary compounds swap cations and
anions.
Decomposition - Answer A compound breaks down (decomposes) into two or more
simpler substances
Synthesis - Answer two or more substances combine to give a new substance
Hydrocarbon - Answer Hydrocarbon (any cmpd. made of carbon and hydrogen)
combustion ALWAYS produces the products of carbon dioxide, CO2 and water, H2O.
Avogadro's Number - Answer 6.02 x 10^23
Mole Conversion Factor - Answer grams - moles- particles
X grams = 1 mole
Stoichiometry - Answer Stoichiometry definition: the study of quantitative relationships
between amounts of reactants used and products formed by a chemical rxn.
Three important mole ratios - Answer Particle
mole
grams
Stoichiometric Conversion scale - Answer grams A
Moles A
grams B
Moles B
Steps for writing Stoichiometry Problems - Answer Write Balanced equation
Determine moles A
Determine Moles B
Determine Mass Moles B
Theoretical Yield - Answer the maximum mass of product that theoretically can be
produced
Actual Yield - Answer the mass of product that is actually produced in the rxn.
Percent Yield - Answer the % of the theo. yd. that one was able to produce in the rxn.
Limiting Reactant - Answer reactant entirely gone
Excess Reactant - Answer reactant that is left over
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