HMX Physiology Exam Study Guide with
Complete Solutions
Patm - Answer✔️✔️-760 mm Hg (mercury)
PN2 (partial pressure of nitrogen in air) - Answer✔️✔️-Patm * PN2 (760 *
0.78) = 592.8 mm Hg
PO2 (partial pressure of oxygen in air) - Answer✔️✔️-Patm * PO2 (760 * 0.21)
= 160 mm Hg
Alveolus - Answer✔️✔️-tiny air sacs of lungs which allow for rapid gas
exchange
Atmospheric pressure - Answer✔️✔️-pressure exerted by weight of
atmosphere
Boyle's Law - Answer✔️✔️-P x V = k. Inverse relationship between pressure
and volume for fixed amount of gas at constant temperature. Pressure *
Volume = Constant K
Capillaries - Answer✔️✔️-tiny, branching blood vessels that form a network
between arterioles and venules
Hemoglobin (Hgb) - Answer✔️✔️-protein in blood cell that binds O2.
Normal level: 12 g/dL. iron rich protein that helps RBCs carry O2 from
lungs to rest of body. 1g of Hgb carries 1.39 mL
Partial Pressure - Answer✔️✔️-pressure that would be exerted by one of the
gases in a mixture if it occupied the same volume on its own
Partial pressure of a gas dissolved in liquid - Answer✔️✔️-= partial pressure
in air above water
Pgas - Answer✔️✔️-= Fgas (friction of gas) x Ptotal
Dalton's law - Answer✔️✔️-Ptotal = P1 + ... + Pn. In a mix of non-reacting
gases, the total pressure exerted = sum of partial pressures of individual
gases
Total Oxygen in Blood - Answer✔️✔️-= O2 dissolved + O2 bound to
hemoglobin
Kidneys - Answer✔️✔️-conserve water, filter toxins or byproducts of
metabolism, getting rid of excess dietary fluid and salt
Concentration gradient - Answer✔️✔️-gradual change in concentration of
solutes present in a solution between 2 regions
Dialysate - Answer✔️✔️-part of mixture which passes through membrane in
dialysis. Solution of pure water, electrolytes, and salt, like bicarbonate and
sodium
Dialysis kidney - Answer✔️✔️-process of removing waste products and
excess fluid from body
Edema - Answer✔️✔️-puffiness caused by excess fluid trapped in body's
tissues. Increased hydrostatic pressure, decreased oncotic pressure
extracellular space - Answer✔️✔️-intravascular + intrastitial space. 1/3 of
body.
glomerulus - Answer✔️✔️-cluster of nerve endings, spores, or small blood
vessels (cluster of capillaries around end of kidney tubule), where waste
products are filtered from blood
hydrostatic force/pressure - Answer✔️✔️-fluid pressure. water moves from
high hydrostatic pressure to low hydrostatic pressure
interstitial pressure - Answer✔️✔️-surrounds tissue cells. filled with fluid.
intravascular space - Answer✔️✔️-blood vessels. 1/3 of body fluid in
extracellular is in here
intracellular space - Answer✔️✔️-space within organism's cells. 2/3 of total
body water of humans found here
oncotic force/pressure - Answer✔️✔️-osmotic consequence of having a
differential concentration of protein across the wall of a capillary
osmotic force/pressure - Answer✔️✔️-water moves from areas of low solute
concentration to areas of high solute concentration. Difference in
concentration. Fluid movement across cell walls.
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