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HMX biochemistry Exam Study Guide with Complete Solutions
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HMX biochemistry Exam Study Guide with Complete Solutions activation energy - Answer️️ -energy needed to get a reaction started Delta G (change in G - change in free energy) - Answer️️ -respresented in a reaction coordinate diagram. Positive is thermodynamically unfavorable. Negative i...

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  • August 29, 2024
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©SOPHIABENNET@2024-2025 Friday, August 23, 2024 10:49 AM




HMX biochemistry Exam Study Guide
with Complete Solutions

activation energy - Answer✔️✔️-energy needed to get a reaction started

Delta G (change in G - change in free energy) - Answer✔️✔️-respresented in
a reaction coordinate diagram. Positive is thermodynamically unfavorable.
Negative is thermodynamically favorable (exergonic - release energy). =
G(products) - G(reactants)

enzyme - Answer✔️✔️-catalyze chemical reaction. Lower activation energy.
Biological catalyst (protein)

enzyme inhibition - Answer✔️✔️-results in decrease in activity of that
enzyme, reaising activation enregy of reaction it catalyzes

enzyme activation - Answer✔️✔️-results in increase in activity of that
enzyme, lowering activation energy of reaction it catalyzes

equilibrium - Answer✔️✔️-when rate of forward and reverse reactions are
same. Concentration of products and reactants don't change appreciably
over time but reaction is going. On average, same # of A + B reactions and
C splitting reactions occurring a given period of time

Gibbs' Free Energy (G) - Answer✔️✔️-property of a molecule that reflects its
capacity to do work. Determined by potential energy stored in chemical
bonds and concentration/physical parameters (temperature)



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, ©SOPHIABENNET@2024-2025 Friday, August 23, 2024 10:49 AM




glycolysis - Answer✔️✔️-central pathway in breakdown of carbs for energy.
Series of 10 reactions. 1 glucose --> 2 pyruvate. - change in G of whole
pathway but some reactions have positive change in G. Net formation of 2
ATP and 2 NADH for each glucose

isomerization - Answer✔️✔️-one molecule is transformed into another
molecule which has exactly the same atoms, but atoms have a different
arrangement. ABC --> BAC. Chemical formula doesn't change but atoms
are rearranged.

Kinase - Answer✔️✔️-enzymes that catalyze reactions in which a molecule is
phosphorylated. Ex. Hexokinase catalyzes the phosphorylation of glucose.
Phosphofructokinase 1 (PFK-1) catalyzes phosphorylation of
phosphofructose (Fructose 6-phosphate)

Le Chatelier's principle - Answer✔️✔️-when a system is initially at
equilibrium, then perturbed away from equilibrium, it will counteract the
perturbation to move back towards equilibrium (change in G not equal to
0), either forward or reverse reaction is more thermodynamically favorable.
Low activation energy

negative feedback - Answer✔️✔️-results of some process serve to counteract
that process. maintains a variable in a narrow range at homeostasis.

net reaction - Answer✔️✔️-sum total of all chemical changes that occur if
molecules are consumed in one reaction but produced in another in equal
quantity, they aren't included


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, ©SOPHIABENNET@2024-2025 Friday, August 23, 2024 10:49 AM




phosphatase - Answer✔️✔️-enzymes that remove phosphates from
molecules

products - Answer✔️✔️-substance formed as a result of chemical reaction.
Right

reactants - Answer✔️✔️-starting materials for a reaction. Undergo a chemical
change. Left

reaction coordinate diagram - Answer✔️✔️-tells whether reaction is
thermodynamically favorable or unfavorable

adenosine diphosphate (ADP) - Answer✔️✔️-adenosine & 2 phosphate
groups

adenosine triphosphate (ATP) - Answer✔️✔️-energy currency of life, high
energy molecule that stores energy we need to do anything. Universal unit
of energy exhange

glucose - Answer✔️✔️-simple sugar which is an important energy source in
living organisms. Component of many carbs. Reactant of glycolysis.

NAD+, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide - Answer✔️✔️-coenzyme in all
living cells. Required for fundamental biological processes. Oxidized form

NADH - Answer✔️✔️-reduced form. Shuttle for electrons during cellular
respiration. universal unit of energy exchange

Pyruvate - Answer✔️✔️-2 formed by glycolysis. Inhibit/Regulate PFK-1



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