PSCI 210 EXAM 2 Questions With Correct
Answers
Equal Rights Amendment - answerSupported by the National Organization for Women, this
amendment would prevent all gender-based discrimination practices. However, it never passed
the ratification process.
Traditional Equal Protection Test - answerT...
Equal Rights Amendment - answer✔✔Supported by the National Organization for Women, this
amendment would prevent all gender-based discrimination practices. However, it never passed
the ratification process.
Traditional Equal Protection Test - answer✔✔This analyzes discrimination cases--use the
rational bias test
1) presume this law is constitutional
2)burden of proof on person challenging law-not gov
3)must prove gov lacked a legit purpose for law
4)resonable relationship between discrimination and legit purpose
State Action Requirement - answer✔✔constitution only applies to government action. Private
Conduct need not comply with the constitution. (teacher at private school can't claim 1st
amendment right after being fired for speaking out).
Suspect Classification - answer✔✔Category or class, such as race, that triggers the highest
standard of scrutiny from the Supreme Court.
Equal Protection Clause - answer✔✔14th amendment clause that prohibits states from denying
equal protection under the law, and has been used to combat discrimination
Reverse Discrimination - answer✔✔Using race or sex to give preferential treatment to some
people.
Bakke Case - answer✔✔Also known as the The University of California vs. Alan Bakke, it was
an issue that he had not be admitted into U.C. because the only prefered the minority races, it
threatened the progress made by the Civil Rights Movement.
Affirmative Action - answer✔✔a policy designed to redress past discrimination against women
and minority groups through measures to improve their economic and educational opportunities
Racial Quots - answer✔✔separating people based on race; happened post reconstruction (1877)
the Civil Rights Movement (1950-1960)
Race as a Factor - answer✔✔using race to determine
Strict Equal Protection Test - answer✔✔Applies to suspect classes (e.g., race, national origin,
and citizenship) and fundamental rights (e.g., voting).
Gender Discrimination - answer✔✔Any practice, policy, or procedure that denies equality of
treatment to an individual or to a group because of gender.
Mid-Level Equal Protection Test - answer✔✔Any government activity or regulation that
classifies persons based on a suspect class (i.e., race) is reviewed for lawfulness using strict
scrutiny test.
De Facto Discrimination - answer✔✔Discrimination on the basis of race, sex, religion, ethnicity,
and the like that results from social, economic, and cultural biases and conditions.
De Jure Discrimination - answer✔✔racial segregation that is a direct result of law or official
policy
Badge of Slavery - answer✔✔A legal disability imposed on a slave, such as the inability to vote,
own property, or enter into a contract.
Separate but Equal Test - answer✔✔A policy that black people could be segregated if afforded
equal opportunites. (like education)
Brown School Desegregation Case - answer✔✔The ruling that "seperate but equal" education
facilities are inherently discriminatory
1964 Civil Rights Act - answer✔✔Federal school money would be withheld from ANY school
that did not desegregate.
Poll Tax - answer✔✔a tax of a fixed amount per person and payable as a requirement for the
right to vote
Race-Based Remedy - answer✔✔Using a person's race to assign them a specific position, such
in a school, for the purpose of desegregation.
Cross-district Busing - answer✔✔Allowing for transportation cost of white children to black
schools and black children to white schools for the purposes of desegregation.
White-only Primary - answer✔✔This meant that only white selected candidate could be
nominated to run for the office.
Racial Gerrymander - answer✔✔the drawing of districts to create opportunity or to create
difficultly for minority voters to elect a candidate of their choice. Ruled unconstitutional.
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