Visual cues allows us to perceptually organize by taking into account the following cues: -
answer✔✔- depth
- form
- motion
- constancy
Describe retinal disparity. - answer✔✔- Eyes are about 2.5 inches apart which allows humans to
get slightly different views of objects of world around.
- gives humans an idea on depth
What is convergence? - answer✔✔- gives humans an idea of depth as well based on how much
eyeballs are turned. gives humans a sense of depth
When are the muscles of the eye relaxed and contracted? - answer✔✔- things far away: muscles
of eyes relaxed
- things close to us: muscles of eyes contract
Describe binocular cues. - answer✔✔- humans have two eyes which allow them to receive visual
cues from the environment
What type of cues allow us to sense constancy? - answer✔✔- monocular
- out perception of object doesn't change even if the image cast on the retina is different.
Different types of constancy include size constancy, shape constancy, color constancy
Describe size constancy. - answer✔✔- one that appears larger because its closer, we still think it
is the same size
Describe shape constancy - answer✔✔- a changing shape still maintains the same shape
perception
- ex: a door opening means the shape is changing. but we still believe the door is a rectangle
Describe color constancy. - answer✔✔- despite changes in lighting which change the image
color falling on our retina, we understand (perceive) that the object is the same color
What is sensory adaptation? - answer✔✔Our senses are adaptable and they can change their
sensitivity to stimuli
What are the 5 types of sensory adaptation? - answer✔✔- hearing adaptation
- touch
- smell
- proprioception
- sight
Describe hearing adaptation in regards to sensory adaptation. - answer✔✔- inner ear muscle:
higher noise = muscle contract (this dampens vibrations in inner ear, protecting the ear drum).
Takes a few seconds to kick in. So does not work for immediate noises like a gun shot, bit it
works for being at a rock concert for an entire afternoon
Describe touch in regards to sensory adaptation. - answer✔✔- temperature receptors desensitized
over time
Describe smell in regards to sensory adaptation - answer✔✔- desensitized receptors in your nose
to molecule sensory information over time
Describe proprioception in regards to sensory adaptation. - answer✔✔- the sense of the position
of the body in space i.e. "sense of balance/where you are in space"
- experiment: goggles that make everything upside down and the perception of the world, and
eventually you would accommodate over time, and flip it back over
Describe sight in regards to sensory adaptation - answer✔✔- down regulation or up regulation to
light intensity
- down regulation: light adaptation. when it is bright out, pupils constrict (less light enters back
of eye), and the desensitization of rods and cones become desensitized to light
- up regulation: dark regulation. pupils dilate-, rods and cones start synthesizing light sensitive
molecules
What is Weber's Law? - answer✔✔- the threshold at which you're able to notice a change in any
sensation is the just noticeable difference (JND)
- I=initial intensity of stimulus , change I= JND
- change I/initial intensity = k (constant)
- change I= IK
What is the absolute threshold of sensation? - answer✔✔- the minimum intensity of stimulus
needed to detect a particular stimulus 50% of the time
Are the absolute threshold of sensation and just noticeable difference the same? - answer✔✔No,
JND is the smallest difference that can be detected 50% of the time
What factors can influence absolute threshold? - answer✔✔- Expectations - ex: are you
expecting a text
- Experience - ex: are you familiar of the phones text vibration sound
- Motivation - ex: are you interested in the response of the text
- Alertness - are you awake or drowsy ex: you will notice the text if you are awake
What are subliminal stimuli? - answer✔✔stimuli below the absolute threshold of sensation
What are the three different types of information we gather about somatosenstation? -
answer✔✔- Intensity
- Timing
- Touch
What are the 4 types of somatosensation? - answer✔✔- Temperature (thermoception)
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