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Human Phys Week -1 - Lecture notes Week 1 of Lectures (2 class periods)
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Human Phys Week -1 - Lecture notes Week 1 of Lectures (2 class periods)
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8/29/24, 4:58 Human Phys Week -1 - Lecture notes Week 1 of Lectures (2 classPM periods)
What is physiology? The study of how the structures work, functions of the anatomy
What does physiology include? Medical, genetics, why things work
Homeostasis= dynamic constancy, trying to maintain body @ an equilibrium
- Control system= regulates cells, tissues, and organs
- Change in these tissues reaction – “corrects” change
Body Temperature= 98.6 Fahrenheit or 37 Celsius
Room Temperature= 20 Celsius
- At room temperature body temperature does not change at equilibrium
- Steady State= staying constant
- Set Point= # or value our body tries to maintain
Body Temperature= 37 Celsius with Room Temp at 5 Celsius
- No longer in equilibrium, will try to maintain steady state, the set point will not change 37
celsius is still the goal
Feedback Systems= negative or positive
- Negative
o Decreases oscillations
o Homeostasis works by using negative feedback
- Positive
o Increases oscillations
o Not very common
- Ex. Child birth
o Oxytocin gets released into the blood stream and causes uterus to contract, which
will push baby head to the cervix, nerve impulses from cervix transmitted to brain
Set points
- Body temp of 37 Celsius, can change when sick
- Set points don’t always stay the same. Can be reset
- Ex. Fever
o Body increases in temperature to help fight illness
o Can change other things in body, other things in body will be altered
▪ Digestive tract, muscles
Feed forward regulation
- Ex. Nerve cells detect change in temperature
o Blood vessels constrict, shiver, bring arms into body… anticipate for being cold
- Ex. Stomach growling in order to be ready to digest
- Ex. Fight or Flight
o Body is preparing with whatever stimulus was
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, 8/29/24, 4:58 Human Phys Week -1 - Lecture notes Week 1 of Lectures (2 class
PM periods)
Components of Homeostatic Control Systems
- Reflexes (cant consciously control)
o Definition: response to a stimulus without conscious thoughts
- Learned or acquired reflexes? (Not true reflexes)
o Ex. Playing an instrument
o Ex. Practicing technique for athletics
o Ex. Repeatedly driving somewhere and doing it with out thinking
Effectors:
- Any cells
o Muscles
o Glands
Reflex pathway might include things other than nerves
- Hormones= efferent
- Endocrine= integrating center
Intercellular Chemical Messengers
- Messengers for communication
o Hormone= cell produce chemical into blood stream (body wide response)
o Neurotransmitter= neuron release chemical and has a more specific response
o Paracrine agent= chemical released from cell and effects the cells surrounding
o Autocrine agent= cells release chemicals and it effects itself
Processes Associated with Homeostasis
- Adaptation
o Character that favors survivals
▪ Homeostasis control system
o Something you either have or don’t have
- Acclimatization
o Improved function of an already existing homeostatic system
▪ Normally Reversible
Balance of substances within the body
- Negative balance= loss exceeds gain, so the total amount in the body is decreasing
- Positive balance= gains exceeds loss, so the total amount tin the body is increasing
- Stable Balance- gain = loss
How do you get from DNA= proteins?
- Transcription= copying (DNA to RNA) and Translating=language of DNA and RNA to language of
amino acids (mRNA to make proteins)
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