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Clinical Chemistry Final Exam with correct answers 2024

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  • Clinical Chemistry Fi

What kind of chemicals do labs buy? correct answers Pre-prepared chemicals with varying purity Which chemicals are the best for labs correct answers AR (Analytic Reagent Grade) and ultrapure are best for the lab Which pure chemicals are used for chromatography assays correct answers Ultrap...

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  • August 29, 2024
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Clinical Chemistry Final Exam

What kind of chemicals do labs buy? correct answers Pre-prepared chemicals with
varying purity

Which chemicals are the best for labs correct answers AR (Analytic Reagent Grade)
and ultrapure are best for the lab

Which pure chemicals are used for chromatography assays correct answers Ultrapure
is used in chromatography assays

What do the chemical labels show correct answers Labels show grade and percentage
of impurities

What are reference materials correct answers Materials that are used to calibrate
instruments or find out the standard
"calibration mode"

What are reference materials derived from? Who certifies them? correct answers they
are derived from biohazard samples
NIST certified

What is the most used reagent correct answers water

How many times does lab water need to be purified correct answers Lab used water
needs to purified at least 2x

What are some parameters that lab water need to fit correct answers microbiologic
count, pH, resistivity, silicate, particulate matter, organics

What are some methods of purification correct answers Reverse osmosis, filtration,
distillation, deionization, UV light

What is the 1-3 water designation? Which designation does the lab use? correct
answers Water has a 1-3 designation where 1 is the most pure and 3 is the least LAB
USES I

solute correct answers a substance dissolved in a liquid

Analytes correct answers biologic solutes

Solvent correct answers liquid in which solute is dissolved

,Solution correct answers solute plus solvent

Molality correct answers moles/kg solvent

Molarity correct answers moles/L solvent

Colligative properties correct answers osmotic pressure, vapor pressure, freezing point,
boiling point

Which colligative properties are depressed as concentration of solute is added correct
answers VP and FP

Redox potential correct answers measure of the ability of solution to accept or donate
electrons

Conductivity correct answers measure of how well electricity passes through a solution

pH correct answers inverse log of the hydrogen ion concentration

Buffers correct answers weak acids or bases and their related salts that minimize
changes in hydrogen ion concentration

What is the formula for converting F to C correct answers (5/9-32 from F)

What are some basic celcius temperatures to know correct answers 37 degrees body
temperature
25 degrees room temperature
4 degrees fridge temperature

What liquids are used in thermometers correct answers Uses red alcohol (previous
mercury)

True or false Thermometers do not have to be calibrated correct answers False,
Thermometers must be calibrated, It controls QC and temperatures for certain reactions

What are some lab vessels correct answers flasks, beakers, graduated cylinders

What are pipettes correct answers glass or plastic utensils used to transfer liquids

What are burets correct answers wide, long, graduated pipettes with a stopcock at one
end

What are syringes correct answers sometimes used for transfer of small volumes in
blood gas analysis or separation techniques

What are the different types of pipettes correct answers Serologic

,Mohr
Volumetric
Transfer (Pasteur) pipette Usually plastic or glass
Micropipette
Automatic or multichannel

How would you read a pipette correct answers AT THE BOTTOM OF THE MENISCUS

Describe the serologic pipette correct answers Graduated to the tip
Blow out pipette
Called this because people used to blow out stuff from it
Has 2 etched rings

Describe the Mohr Pipette correct answers Not graduated to the tip
Self draining

How would you dispense the mohr and serologic pipette correct answers Keeping
vertical and not touching container

Describe the Volumetric Pipette correct answers Used with viscous fluids
Ex synovial joint fluid/effusions
Blow out (TC) and has 2 etched rings

How would you dispense the Volumetric Pipette correct answers Tipping the container
Holding pipette vertically
Tip of pipette touching receptacle
DO NOT REUSE A PIPETTE/TIP

What is centrifugation correct answers Centrifugation force is used to separate solids
from liquid matter

What are the different components of a centrifuge correct answers Consists of
head/rotor, Carriers/shields attached to the verticle shaft of motor, caps/lids, metal
enclosure

What does the force of a centrifuge depend on correct answers Force depends on
mass, speed and radius

What are the speeds and times that are used in a centrifuge correct answers Uses 300-
3400 rpm/RCF or 500-2000 x g for 10-15 min

What are some common applications of a centrifuge correct answers Separating
serum/plasma from Blood Cells
Separating supernatant from a precipitate in an analytic reaction
Separating 2 immiscible liquids
Expelling air

, What are some lab calculations that may be used correct answers Significant Figures
(keeping all until the end)
Unit conversions Molality/Molarity
Simple/Serial Dilutions

What is beers law correct answers Used to establish a relationship between
concentration and absorbance in photometric determinations

What are the components of beers law correct answers A=abc via graph
A = absorbance
"a" = absorptivity constant for the analyte at standard wavelength, temp, & pH
"b" = length of light path in the spec
"c" = concentration of the analyte

What is the purpose of using beers law correct answers Allows determination of
concentration when absorbance is known
Basis for photometric assays

What are some sample types that are used in clinical chemistry correct answers Whole
blood
Plasma
Serum
Arterial Blood
Urine
CSF/Paracentesis Fluid
Amniotic Fluid
Semen, saliva, sweat, hair, nails, feces...

What are the steps for sample processing correct answers Correct processing of
collection tube/ patient ID label
Centrifugation
Noting presence of any serum/plasma characteristics (hemolysis/icterus) or turbidity
(shows lipemia)
Analysis within 4 hours
Proper protection
Refrigeration at 4 C for 8 Hours or freezing at -20C for longer periods, if later testing is
required

What are some preanalytical variables of sample processing correct answers
Physiologic considerations
Proper patient preparation
Problems in storage, collection, transporting, or processing

What is " Chain of custody" correct answers Lab tests related to crime are
forensic/legal cases

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