ONCOLOGY & MEDS, HEMATOLOGIC DYSFUNCTION, GENETICS, HIV 240 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Hyperviscosity syndrome - Answer-A group of symptoms triggered by increase in the viscosity of the blood. Symptoms of high blood viscosity include spontaneous bleeding from mucous membranes, visual disturbanc...
ONCOLOGY & MEDS, HEMATOLOGIC
DYSFUNCTION, GENETICS, HIV 240
EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Hyperviscosity syndrome - Answer-A group of symptoms triggered by increase in the
viscosity of the blood. Symptoms of high blood viscosity include spontaneous bleeding
from mucous membranes, visual disturbances due to retinopathy, and neurologic
symptoms ranging from headache and vertigo to seizures and coma.
Extravasation - Answer-infiltration of drugs into tissues surrounding the infusion site,
causing local tissue damage
What are clinical manifestations of extravasation? - Answer-1. *Pain*
2. Swelling
3. Redness
4. Vesicles on skin
*Monitor and assess IV site frequently*
These types of drugs are highly cytotoxic (toxic to cells, can cause cell damage or
death) - Answer-Chemotherapy
Tumor Lysis Syndrome manifestations? - Answer--Early signs: Weakness, muscle
cramps, N/V/D
-Occurs within *first 24-48 hours* after initiation of chemo
-May persist for ~ 5-7 days
-Metabolic abnormalities and concentrated uric acid (which crystallizes in distal tubules
of kidneys) can lead to acute kidney injury
What are the 4 hallmark signs of tumor lysis syndrome? - Answer-1. Hyperuricemia
2. Hyperphosphatemia
3. Hyperkalemia
4. Hypocalcemia
Superior Vena Cava syndrome - Answer-Obstruction of superior vena cava by tumor or
thrombosis (tumor compressing in mediastinum area)
What are 4 clinical manifestations of SVC syndrome? - Answer-1. Facial and periorbital
edema
2. Distention of veins of head, neck and chest
3. HA
4. Seizures
, What are 4 nursing interventions r/t SVC syndrome? - Answer-1. Elevate HOB
2. Admin. O2, steroids, diuretics and chemo
3. Avoid venipuncture and taking BP in upper extremities
4. High-dose radiation therapy to mediastinal area to shrink tumor
Spinal Cord Compression - Answer-Compression of spine and nerve roots caused by
tumor
What are 4 clinical manifestations of spinal cord compression? - Answer-1. Back pain
2. Numbness/tingling of extremities
3. Loss of motor function
4. Loss of bowel and/or bladder function
Spinal cord compression most commonly occurs with what 5 types of tumors? - Answer-
1. Breast
2. Lung
3. Prostate
4. GI
5. Renal
What are 3 nursing interventions for spinal cord compression? - Answer-1. High-dose
corticosteroids to reduce swelling in spinal cord
2. Immediate radiation and/or chemo to shrink tumor
3. Surgical decompressive laminectomy
SVC syndrome can be dx'ed via what? - Answer-X-ray
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH) - Answer-Abnormal
production of antidiuretic hormone
What are clinical manifestations of SIADH? - Answer-1. Weight gain w/o edema of >5
lbs/day
2. Weakness
3. N/V
4. Personality changes
5. Seizures
6. Dec in reflexes, coma
7. Oliguria
8. Hyponatremia
SIADH most frequently occurs in patients with what type of cancer? - Answer-Lung
cancer
What are 6 nursing interventions r/t SIADH? - Answer-1. Tx underlying cause with
chemo and/or radiation
2. Fluid restriction
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