Class notes
HIST105 Class Notes (01/23-05/23)
- Course
- HIST 105
- Institution
- Texas A&M University
Lecture notes covering every class from HIST105.
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
Content preview
1/19/2023Lecture 1
● pre-Clovis sites in N. America
○ 20,000 years ago (keeps getting pushed further back)
○ N. America = one of the last continents populated
○ 1st ppl in N. America
○ Most of n. hemisphere = ice caps
■ Sea levels dropped
■ Dry land between Asia & N. America
■ Ppl from Siberia (Asia) followed big animals migrating to N. America
● Followed herds south down through Canada
○ Meadowcroft Rockshelter (Pittsburgh, PA) & the Gault Site (Central TX)
● Pleistocene N. America
○ Conclusive proof ppl were in the Americas = clovis point embedded in an animal
in Clovis, NM
■ Btwn 13,000-8,000 years ago
■ Weren’t carved down to make them lighter/more streamlined
○ During Clovis large animals started dying out
■ Mixture of human activity & profound climate change
○ Folsom Point
■ 8,500 years ago
■ Ppl started hunting bison
● Fluting = more material removed from the rock (flew faster & more
accurately)
■ Folsom point embedded in a bison in Folsom, CA
■ Only domesticated animals were dogs
● N. American Language Families
○ Indigenous explanations for the peopling of the Americas
■ Earth Diver Myths
● Center around some being falling to Earth & creating humans
● Iroquois Creation Story: Sky Woman fell to the Earth
■ Emergence Myths
● Trace their 1st ancestors to emerging from the Earth in some way
● Caddos Creation Story: Tribe emerges from an underground cave
located near the confluence of the Red & Mississippi Rivers in N.
Louisiana
○ Woman carried seeds for agriculture (corn & pumpkin)
■ Women had a lot of political power, men took the
woman’s last name
○ Man carried tools (pipe & fire)
● Agriculture
○ Natives fed the Pilgrims
■ Most of the global “plate” was domesticated by the Native Americans
○ New World Crops
, ■ Beans, potatoes, tomatoes, squash, corn, chili peppers, and pumpkins
○ Agriculture developed around 8,000 years ago
■ Perfected 2,500 years ago (ppl began planting things successfully)
○ Sweet potatoes and Polynesia (?)
● Pre-Columbian Points
○ Poverty Point
■ UNESCO World Heritage SIte
■ City built around 3,000 years ago in N. Louisiana
● Didn’t practice agriculture (strange)
● Survived through rich aquatic resources (shellfish)
■ Evidence of long-distance trade
■ Disappeared around 1,600 years ago
○ Great Serpent Mound & Cahokia
■ Lots of mounds found in Mississippi (St. Lewis)
■ Cahokia
● 1,000 years ago ppl built a large pyramid
○ 100 ft. high
● High levels of social stratification & trade
○ Found shells, copper, & micah all from regions as far as
Appalachia
○ Used slave labor to build these sites (raided tribes & took
young women who were sacrificed when the leaders died)
,1/24/2023
Lecture 2
● Texas Native Americans
○ Tonkawa
■ Seasonally migrate back and forth
○ Caddo
■ Off-shoot of Mississippi historic tribes
■ E. Texas
■ Communal agricultural villages, beehive shaped houses
○ Karankawa
■ Seasonally migrate back and forth from the coast
■ Involved in long distance trade between Jumano & Caddo
○ Jumano
○ Tigua
■ Lived in huge multi-family homes
■ One of few tribes that practiced agriculture in W. Texas
○ Coahuiltecan
■ Hunter-gatherers who learned to live off the resources
○ Comanche
■ Moved to Hill Country from Montana in the 1600s/1700s for better access
to Mexico (for horses)
○ Wichita
■ Antelope Creek is the only example of a settled village in the Panhandle
● Spanish Exploration
○ Columbus
■ Spanish King & Queen (Ferdinand of Aragon & Isabella of Castille)
financed Columbus' exploration to find a sea trade route to India/China
● India = spices
● China = silk
○ 1492? = 1469-1492: Spanish monarchs in war w/ Grenada
(Muslim monarchs) and King & Queen get married to unite
the 2 kingdoms and win
■ This means they had a lot of $ to throw around →
Columbus
■ Columbus route (1st voyage): The Bahamas → Cuba → Haiti
● 3 ships
■ Columbus wasn't the first European in the Americas
● Vikings arrived in Newfoundland
○ Columbian Exchange
■ Exchange of people, animals, plants, & pathogens between Eastern &
Western Hemisphere
■ Begins during Columbus’ 2nd voyage
● 17 ships (>1,000 settlers)
■ European diseases devastated the native population in the Americas
, ● Domesticated livestock (horses & pigs) comes from Eurasia
(besides llamas, alpacas, dogs, & turkeys)
● Animals carry disease which transfer to people
○ Bubonic plague, smallpox, influenza
■ Native pop. had no immunity to European diseases
or any idea how to deal with these diseases
● Hispaniola = Around 1,000,000 dropped to
32,000 (1600)
● Peru = 9,000,000 dropped to 500,000
(1600)
● Mexico = 25,000,000 dropped to 1,300,000
(1600)
○ N. America ydropped 74%
○ Estimated that in N. & S. America
(1492-1650) 89% of the pop. died
○ Syphilis is the main disease that comes from the Americas
to Europe (doesn’t devastate European pop. b/c you have
to have sex to catch it)
○ Cortez and Pizarro
■ Cortez
● Responsible for the conquest of Mexico
● 1519: Set sail for Cuba to “get rich”
○ Ordered crew to sink ships so they wouldn’t be tempted to
flee
● Tenochtitlan (Mexico City)
○ Aztec empire
○ “Floating City” built on a huge lake
○ Cortez recruited Aztec enemies (other Native American
groups) to defeat the Aztec
○ Smallpox breaks out at the same time
■ Cortez invaded and defeated the Aztecs
● Tlaxcala
○ “Dona Marina”
○ Could speak Spanish and Native languages
■ Became Cortez’ companion and had his son
(symbolic of the birth of Mexico = mixing of Europe
and Natives)
● Found a lot of gold
■ Pizarro
● Responsible for the conquest of the Inca
● Also used a mix of disease and native allies to defeat the Inca
● Also found a lot of gold & silver
○ Modern Potosi, Bolivia
■ 60,000 tons of silver since 1600
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller hanna234. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $8.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
75057 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now