Hesi Anatomy and Physiology
homeostasis - correct answer body's maintenance of a stable environment
receptors - correct answer molecule or cell that provides information about the
environment
control center (and set point) - correct answer indicates correct value (e.g. body
temp)
effectors - correct answer What elicits a response that alters conditions within
the body's internal environment. (e.g. muscles and glands)
negative feedback - correct answer When receptors measure deviations from the
set point, effectors are activated and conditions are returned toward the set point
and effectors gradually shut off. This movement toward homeostasis and balance
is called .........
positive feedback - correct answer Homeostatic mechanisms that function when
changes byeffectors move the body away from normal conditions, causing more
changes, is called...... (examples are blood clotting and labor contractions)
organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism - correct answer Levels
of organization
organelle - correct answer Cell components that perform a specific function
cells - correct answer Basic unit of structure and function
tissues - correct answer Groups of cells organized into layers or masses that have
specific functions
organs - correct answer Structures that perform a specialized function
(comprised of tissues)
Organ systems - correct answer Groups of organs that function together closely
Organism - correct answer Comprised of an interacting organ system
superior - correct answer above, or closer to the head
inferior - correct answer below, or closer to the feet
Anterior (Ventral) - correct answer Toward the front
,Hesi Anatomy and Physiology
Posterior (Dorsal) - correct answer Toward the back
medial - correct answer Toward the midline
lateral - correct answer Away from the midline (closer to the sides)
Median (saggital) plane - correct answer Imaginary vertical line dividing the body
into right and left portions
Coronal/Frontal plane - correct answer Imaginary vertical line dividing the body
into anterior and posterior portions
Transverse (cross-sectional) - correct answer Imaginary horizontal line dividing
the body into superior and inferior
Dorsal cavities (near the back) - correct answer Cranial and spinal cavity
Cranial cavity - correct answer Cavity that contains the brain
Spinal cavity (vertebral) - correct answer Cavity that contains the spinal cord and
vertebrae
orbits, nasal, oral, thoracic, mediastinum, pericardial, pleural, and abdominopelvic
(peritoneal) - correct answer Ventral cavities (near the front of the body)
orbits - correct answer Cavity that contains the eyes and associated skeletal
muscles and nerves
Nasal cavity - correct answer Cavity that is divided into right and left portions by
the nasal septum; air-filled sphenoid and frontal sinuses
Oral cavity - correct answer Cavity that contains the teeth and tongue
thoracic cavity - correct answer Cavity that contains the lungs (chest cavity)
Mediastinum - correct answer Space between the lungs that contains the heart,
esophagus, trachea, and thymus
Pericardial cavity - correct answer Potential space between the visceral
pericardium and the parietal pericardium
middle ear cavities - correct answer Cavity containing the incus, malleus, stapes
, Hesi Anatomy and Physiology
Pleural cavities (lungs) - correct answer Cavities (right and left) that are the
potential space between the parietal and visceral pleural membranes
Abdominopelvic cavity - correct answer Cavity that extends from the diaphragm
to the floor of the pelvis; includes stomach, liver, spleen, gallbladder, small and
large intestines, urinary bladder, and reproductive organs
Peritoneal cavity - correct answer Cavity that is the potential space between the
parietal and visceral peritoneal membranes
Pleural membranes (parietal is the outside layer that lines the cavity, visceral is
the inside layer, covering the lung) - correct answer Body cavity membrane:
which is a serous membrane that lines the lungs
Pericardial (parietal is the outside layer which lines the mediastinum, visceral is
the inside layer, covering the heart) - correct answer Body cavity membrane:
which serous membrane lines the heart?
Peritoneal membranes (parietal is the outside layer which lines the cavity, visceral
is the inside layer, lining the organs) - correct answer Body cavity membrane:
Which serous membrane lines the abdominopelvic cavity?
epithelial, connective, nerve, and muscle tissue - correct answer Four major
tissue types
epithelial - correct answer Which type of tissue is found throughout the body and
covers the body, lines organs, found in the inner lining of body cavities and hollow
organs?
epithelial - correct answer Which type of tissue always has an apical (free)
surface exposed to an open space (inside or outside)?
basement membrane - correct answer What nonliving membrane anchors
epithelium to underlying connective tissue?
true - correct answer T/F Epithelial cells lack blood vessels, so they are supplied
by underlying connective tissues
protection, secretion, absorption, and excretion - correct answer Functions of
epithelial tissue
