TEST BANK
Nursing in Today's World: Trends, Issues, and Management
Amy J. Buckway, and Holli Sowerby
12th Edition
,Table of Contents
Chapter 01 Exploring the Growth of Nursing as a Profession 1
Chapter 02 Educational Preparation for Nursing 10
Chapter 03 Credentials for Healthcare Providers 20
Chapter 04 Making Professional Goals a Reality 30
Chapter 05 The World of Healthcare Employment 39
Chapter 06 Understanding the Healthcare Environment and Its Financing 48
Chapter 07 Legal Responsibilities for Practice 57
Chapter 08 Ethical Concerns in Nursing Practice 67
Chapter 09 Safety Concerns in Healthcare 77
Chapter 10 The Nursing Profession and the Community 87
Chapter 11 Initiating the Leadership and Management Role 97
Chapter 12 Working With Others in a Leadership Role 106
Chapter 13 Facing the Challenges of Today’s Workplace 114
Chapter 14 Valuing the Political Process 123
Chapter 15 Applying Research and Technology to Nursing Practice 133
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Test Bank - Nursing in Today's World: Trends, Issues, and Management, 12th Edition (Buckway, 2023)
Chapter 1, Exploring the Growth of Nursing as a Profession
1. Which historical images impeded the development of nursing as a profession? Select all
that apply.
A. Servant
B. Folk
C. Ancient
D. Religious
E. Social
ANS: A, B, D
Rationale: Nursing has carried forward three heritages from the past that some believe
impeded the development of nursing as a profession. They are the folk image of the nurse
brought forward from primitive times, the religious image of the nurse inherited from the
medieval period, and the servant image of the nurse created by the Protestant-capitalist
ethic from the 16th to 19th century. Although ancient cultures developed medicine as a
science and a profession, writings about early healthcare make little or no mention of
nursing or nurses. Ancient images make no mention of nursing or nurses. Social image is
not identified as a historical image of nursing.
PTS: 1 REF: 4, History of Healthcare and Nursing
OBJ: Learning Objective: 1
NAT: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
TOP: Chapter: 1 KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
BLM: Cognitive Level: Apply NOT: Multiple Select
2. Which principles best describe Florence Nightingale’s beliefs about the nursing
profession? Select all that apply.
A. Physician-based nursing curriculum
B. Theory-based curriculum for students
C. Improved conditions for clients
D. Lifelong learning
E. Voluntary nursing teachers
F. Caring
ANS: B, C, D, F
Rationale: Florence Nightingale believed that nurses should spend their time caring for
clients, not cleaning, and nurses must continue learning throughout their lifetime. The
curriculum would include both theoretic material and practical experience. Teachers would
be paid for their instruction. The school matron would have final authority over the
curriculum, living arrangements, and all other aspects of the school.
PTS: 1 REF: 6, The Nightingale Influence OBJ: Learning Objective: 2
NAT: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
TOP: Chapter: 1 KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
BLM: Cognitive Level: Apply NOT: Multiple Select
3. Which recommendation best describes the findings of an 1869 report by the American
Medical Association regarding nursing education?
A. Nurses should provide most of the workforce for hospitals.
B. Schools should be under the national medical society.
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Test Bank - Nursing in Today's World: Trends, Issues, and Management, 12th Edition (Buckway, 2023)
C. Every large hospital should have a nursing school.
D. Nurses should be recruited from shelters.
ANS: C
Rationale: In 1869, the American Medical Association established a committee to study
the issue of training for nurses. Its report concluded that every large hospital should have a
nursing school and recommended that schools be placed under the guardianship of county
medical societies. Although nurses were often recruited from shelters in the early 1800s,
this was not included in the report. The report did not describe workforce for hospitals.
PTS: 1 REF: 9, The Establishment of Early Schools
OBJ: Learning Objective: 3
NAT: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
TOP: Chapter: 1 KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
BLM: Cognitive Level: Apply NOT: Multiple Choice
4. Which factors best describe characteristics of early nursing schools around the turn of the
century? Select all that apply.
A. Students commuted long distances
B. Attrition rate was low
C. Lacked standardized curriculum
D. Largely considered an apprenticeship
E. Promoted religious image of the nurse
ANS: C, D, E
Rationale: Nursing students were expected to be unselfish, thinking not of themselves but
of the happiness and well-being of others. This is in keeping with the “religious image” of
the nurse. Initially, nursing education was largely an apprenticeship and resulted in
students providing much of the workforce of hospitals. There was no standardization of
curriculum and no accreditation. Although some of the early programs provided sleeping
quarters in the hospital, nursing students usually were housed in a building next to the
hospital. The attrition rate was high in the early schools.
PTS: 1 REF: 10, Characteristics of the Early Schools
OBJ: Learning Objective: 3
NAT: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
TOP: Chapter: 1 KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
BLM: Cognitive Level: Apply NOT: Multiple Select
5. A nursing student is reading about military influences that brought about significant
changes in nursing. Place these influential events in order of occurrence?
A. Administration of small pox vaccinations
B. GI Bill enacted
C. Development of The Red Cross
D. Invention of ambulances
ANS:
A, D, C, B
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Test Bank - Nursing in Today's World: Trends, Issues, and Management, 12th Edition (Buckway, 2023)
Rationale: The American Revolution saw the development of dispensaries with the
Philadelphia dispensary being the first place to vaccinate against small pox as preventative
medicine. The Civil War saw the invention of ambulances and was instrumental in the
development of nursing. The Red Cross was born during the Spanish-American War. The
GI bill came into existence at the end of World War II and made it possible for many
nurses to enter bachelor and master’s degree programs after serving with the military.
PTS: 1 REF: 13, The Military Influence OBJ: Learning Objective: 4
NAT: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
TOP: Chapter: 1 KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
BLM: Cognitive Level: Apply NOT: Ordered Response
6. The nurse is conducting an in-service that describes the primary difference between
nursing and medicine. Which priority concept should be included?
A. Caring framework
B. Curative treatment
C. Professional opportunities
D. Degree of specialization
ANS: A
Rationale: Nursing is concerned with caring for the person from a holistic perspective in a
variety of health-related situations. The caring aspects of nursing are well documented in
nursing literature (Benner & Wrubel, 1989; Bevis & Watson, 1989; Carper, 1979; Watson,
1979). We think of medicine as being involved with the cure of a client and nursing with
the care of that client. Professional opportunities and degree of specialization are not
priority concepts in this scenario.
PTS: 1 REF: 15, Distinguishing Nursing From Medicine
OBJ: Learning Objective: 6
NAT: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
TOP: Chapter: 1 KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
BLM: Cognitive Level: Apply NOT: Multiple Choice
7. Which priority information should be included during an in-service about the legal
definition of nursing?
A. Governs collective bargaining
B. Identifies approved nursing frameworks
C. Outlines major criteria for a profession
D. Provides foundation and guidelines for practice
ANS: D
Rationale: Perhaps nothing so affects the definition of nursing as its legal definition found
in each state’s nursing practice act. This legal definition is critical because it provides the
foundation and guidelines for education, licensure, scope of practice, and, when necessary,
the corrective actions against people who violate the practice act. The legal definition does
not identify nursing frameworks or outline the criteria for a profession. Collective
bargaining is not mentioned in the legal definition of nursing.
PTS: 1 REF: 15, Distinguishing Nursing From Medicine
OBJ: Learning Objective: 8
NAT: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
TOP: Chapter: 1 KEY: Integrated Process: Communication and Documentation
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Test Bank - Nursing in Today's World: Trends, Issues, and Management, 12th Edition (Buckway, 2023)
BLM: Cognitive Level: Apply NOT: Multiple Choice
8. The nursing student is preparing for graduation. Which ceremony is most likely to occur?
A. Uniform
B. Pinning
C. Capping
D. White coat
ANS: B
Rationale: Primary among these are the capping and the pinning ceremonies. Few schools
have capping ceremonies today because most nurses and nursing students no longer wear
caps. The second traditional ceremony in nursing, the pinning, was of even greater
significance and is continued by many schools today. The pinning heralded the completion
of the program. The white coat and uniform ceremonies are not traditional nursing
ceremonies.
PTS: 1 REF: 22, Traditions in Nursing OBJ: Learning Objective: 9
NAT: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
TOP: Chapter: 1 KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
BLM: Cognitive Level: Apply NOT: Multiple Choice
9. The nursing student is researching the current nursing shortage. Which priority factors
should be included? Select all that apply.
A. Work environment
B. Increased clinical space
C. Number of males in profession
D. Baby boomers
E. Retention
ANS: A, D, E
Rationale: Another aspect of any nursing shortage is the retention of current nurses. Some
states have identified that there are a large number of RNs not currently working in the
profession. Many experts have pointed to working conditions such as mandatory overtime,
heavy workloads, and lack of respect in the workplace as reasons for people leaving.
Another concern centers on the fact that members of the baby boom generation are
beginning to enter their senior years, thus increasing the need for nurses in the healthcare
system. The percentage of male nurses has increased, but this is not a cause for concern in
the nursing shortage. Limited clinical space (not increasing clinical space) is one cause for
the nurse shortage.
PTS: 1 REF: 26, The Image of Nursing Today OBJ: Learning Objective: 10
NAT: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
TOP: Chapter: 1 KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
BLM: Cognitive Level: Apply NOT: Multiple Select
10. The Council on Nurse Education and Practice focuses primarily on which factors? Select
all that apply.
A. Limited number of spaces in nursing schools
B. Supply of educationally prepared nursing faculty
C. Enhancement and composition of the workforce
D. Promotion of interdisciplinary care delivery
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Test Bank - Nursing in Today's World: Trends, Issues, and Management, 12th Edition (Buckway, 2023)
E. Financing and delivery of nursing service
ANS: C, D, E
Rationale: To provide advice and recommendations to the Secretary of Health and Human
Services and Congress on policy matters relating to the nursing work force, the National
Advisory Council on Nurse Education and Practice (NACNEP) was established. This
group focuses on “support of nursing education and practice, which include enhancement
of the composition of the nursing workforce, improvement of the distribution and
utilization of nurses to meet the health needs of the Nation, expansion of the knowledge,
skills, and capabilities of nurses to enhance the quality of nursing practice, development
and dissemination of improved models of organization, financing and delivery of nursing
services and promotion of interdisciplinary approaches to the delivery of health services
particularly in the context of public health and primary care” (HRSA, n.d.).
PTS: 1 REF: 26, The Image of Nursing Today OBJ: Learning Objective: 10
NAT: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
TOP: Chapter: 1 KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
BLM: Cognitive Level: Apply NOT: Multiple Select
11. Which factors best describe nursing in ancient culture? Select all that apply.
A. Sound theory of disease was absent.
B. Sickness believed to be caused by evil spirits.
C. Health rules part of religious codes.
D. Formal nursing originated 300 years ago.
E. Nursing mentioned in early writings.
ANS: A, B, C
Rationale: Throughout ancient times, suffering and sickness were believed to be caused by
evil spirits. Health rules were often part of the religious codes, which gave them authority.
A sound theory of disease was absent from most early cultures. Although ancient cultures
developed medicine as a science and a profession, writings about early healthcare make
little or no mention of nursing or nurses. While nursing as we know it today may go back
less than 150 years, the early origins of nursing, like those of medicine, are intertwined
with the ancient civilizations and cultures of the world.
PTS: 1 REF: 4, History of Healthcare and Nursing
OBJ: Learning Objective: 2
NAT: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
TOP: Chapter: 1 KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
BLM: Cognitive Level: Apply NOT: Multiple Select
12. Florence Nightingale changed the approach to public health measures. Which public
health measures were instrumental in improving health during the late 1800s? Select all
that apply.
A. Recording health statistics
B. Wholesome food
C. Constructing hospitals
D. Nursing education
E. Basic hygiene
ANS: B, C, E
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Test Bank - Nursing in Today's World: Trends, Issues, and Management, 12th Edition (Buckway, 2023)
Rationale: When the war ended in 1856, Florence Nightingale returned to England as a
national heroine. Her next major project involved working to change the entire approach to
health for the British soldier. These activities included constructing hospitals and
improving basic hygiene and public health measures for the army. Her focus was on
providing cleanliness, wholesome food, fresh air, and separation of people from garbage
and sewage both for living environments and for hospital construction (Fig. 1.2). These
simple public health measures were revolutionary in the late 1800s.
PTS: 1 REF: 26, The Image of Nursing Today OBJ: Learning Objective: 2
NAT: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
TOP: Chapter: 1 KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process
BLM: Cognitive Level: Apply NOT: Multiple Select
13. Which statement accurately describes the development of a definition for the term
nursing?
A. Nurses cannot agree on a single definition of nursing.
B. Nursing is pursued primarily through theoretical concepts.
C. A clear distinction is made between nursing and medicine.
D. Researchers can pinpoint the period in history when nursing first evolved.
ANS: A
Rationale: Over the years, the profession has worked at establishing a definition of
nursing; however, nurses themselves cannot agree on a single definition. There is no
particular date or time period when nursing came into being. A major factor that has made
it difficult to define nursing is that it is taught as encompassing both theoretic and practical
aspects, but it is pursued (and continues to be defined) primarily through practice (not
theory) until recently a little-studied area. The formulation of clear and concise definitions
of nursing also has been hindered by the lack of an obvious distinction between nursing
and medicine.
PTS: 1 REF: 14, Developing a Definition for Nursing
OBJ: Learning Objective: 2
NAT: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
TOP: Chapter: 1 KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
BLM: Cognitive Level: Apply NOT: Multiple Choice
14. The nurse is documenting nursing interventions using a comprehensive, standardized
language. Which of the following systems best demonstrate this documentation?
A. Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC)
B. Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC)
C. The Omaha System
D. NANDA International (NANDA-I)
ANS: A
Rationale: Started in 1996 at the University of Iowa, the Nursing Interventions
Classification (NIC) is a comprehensive, standardized language that describes actions that
nurses perform in all settings and in all specialties and includes both physiologic and
psychosocial interventions. NANDA-I and NOC provide standardized language for
nursing diagnoses and outcomes. The Omaha System was designed as a three-part,
comprehensive yet brief approach to documentation and information management for
multidisciplinary healthcare professionals who practice in community setting.
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Test Bank - Nursing in Today's World: Trends, Issues, and Management, 12th Edition (Buckway, 2023)
PTS: 1 REF: 14, Developing a Definition for Nursing
OBJ: Learning Objective: 12
NAT: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
TOP: Chapter: 1 KEY: Integrated Process: Communication and Documentation
BLM: Cognitive Level: Apply NOT: Multiple Choice
15. Which factors influence the need for a special and unique language for the nursing
profession? Select all that apply.
A. Historical data
B. Manage information
C. Evidence-based decision-making
D. Cost of data storage
E. Guide clinical decisions
ANS: B, C, E
Rationale: For many, the development of a special language for nursing is an exciting new
development. Structured nursing vocabularies allow nurses to use the acquired information
to guide evidence-based clinical decisions, manage information in an electronic format,
retrieve information for research, and compare clinical outcomes across settings. It also
provides a common means of communication (Box 1.2). Historical data and cost are not
influential factors in the development of specialized nursing language.
PTS: 1 REF: 31, Defining a Language for Nursing
OBJ: Learning Objective: 12
NAT: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
TOP: Chapter: 1 KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
BLM: Cognitive Level: Apply NOT: Multiple Select
16. The number and size of nursing schools in the United States grew significantly in the years
of the early 20th century. Which influences, or expectations, best describe the
characteristics of these schools?
A. Critical thinking, assertiveness, and autonomy
B. Religious devotion and subservience to authority
C. An understanding of the holistic care
D. A thorough knowledge of anatomy
ANS: B
Rationale: The strong militaristic and religious influences over nursing were embodied in
the expectations held for nursing students. The nurse in training was expected to yield to
the superiors and demonstrate the obedience characteristic of a good soldier with actions
governed by the dedication to duty derived from religious devotion (Kalisch & Kalisch,
2004). These expectations superseded the importance of critical thinking, scientific
knowledge, or the holistic nature of health.
PTS: 1 REF: 10, Characteristics of the Early Schools
OBJ: Learning Objective: 12
NAT: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
TOP: Chapter: 1 KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
BLM: Cognitive Level: Apply NOT: Multiple Choice
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Test Bank - Nursing in Today's World: Trends, Issues, and Management, 12th Edition (Buckway, 2023)
17. Which of the following events contributed most to the development of the nursing
profession?
A. Physicians who were willing to train nurses
B. Decreased mortality rates during war time
C. Increased understanding of infection control
D. Public funding for the treatment of disease
ANS: B
Rationale: The death and disease that accompanied conflicts such as the Crimean War and
the Civil War provided the impetus for much of the development of the nursing profession.
Nursing did not primarily grow out of the availability of a female workforce, public
funding for health, or increased scientific knowledge.
PTS: 1 REF: 6, The Nightingale Influence OBJ: Learning Objective: 4
NAT: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
TOP: Chapter: 1 KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
BLM: Cognitive Level: Apply NOT: Multiple Choice
18. Which of the following skills is most essential and needed for successful nursing
performance?
A. Critical thinking
B. Understanding of nursing theory
C. Autonomy
D. Recognition of prescriptive authority
ANS: A
Rationale: Critical thinking skills are essential to the successful performance of the diverse
tasks expected of a nurse. Nurses in many positions have been required to assume
ever-greater levels of responsibility. Although autonomy, an understanding of nursing
theory, and recognition of prescriptive authority are important skills for nursing,
appropriate client care is dependent on the nurse’s ability to use critical thinking. Only
recently are nurses beginning to receive the official authority, autonomy, and recognition
that should accompany those responsibilities.
PTS: 1 REF: 16, Influences on the Definition of Nursing
OBJ: Learning Objective: 5
NAT: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
TOP: Chapter: 1 KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
BLM: Cognitive Level: Apply NOT: Multiple Choice
19. Which of these characteristics identify nursing as a profession when applied to sociologic
literature? Select all that apply.
A. Prescriptive authority
B. Service to the public
C. Code of ethics
D. Educational preparation
E. Stress and burnout
ANS: B, C, D
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