BIO 669 FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE
BALANCE/ACID BASE BALANCE
NORTHERN KENTUCKY UNIVERSITY
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Aldosterone is influenced by what? - answer-circulating blood volume, blood pressure,
plasma concentrations of sodium and potassium
What is released when circulating blood volume of bp is decreased or sodium is
decreased or potassium is increased? - answer-renin is secreted and released by the
kidneys
Renin stimulates the release of what? - answer-angiotensin
Water balance is primarily regulated by what? - answer-antidiuretic hormone (adh,
vasopressin)
Adh secretion increases what? - answer-water reabsorption into the plasma
What are thirst receptors called? - answer-osmolality receptors
What are osmolality receptors stimulated by? - answer-hyperosmolality and plasma
volume depletion
Volume receptors and baroreceptors stimulate the release of _______ from the ______
and stimulate thirst due to fluid loss - answer-adh; pituitary gland
If sodium levels rise too much, _____________ will be stimulated to be released to aid
in the retention of water - answer-adh
An isotonic fluid excess is called? - answer-hypervolemia
Excessive administration of iv fluids can lead to? - answer-hypervolemia
Hypersecretion of aldosterone can lead to? - answer-hypervolemia
What are the symptoms of hypervolemia? - answer-distended neck veins, increased bp,
increased hydrostatic pressure leading to edema formation
Hypervolemia is treated with? - answer-diuretics
Aldosterone enhances the loss of____________ - answer-potassium
, Sodium and chloride balance is maintained by______________________ - answer-
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system controls ______________ retention and thus
volume/pressure in the vascular system - answer-sodium
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system affects __________________ and
___________ release - answer-vasomotor tone; adh
_______________ leads to sodium and water reabsorption back into the circulation and
excretion of potassium - answer-aldosterone
______________________ cause sodium and water exertion - answer-nature tic
peptides
__________________ is the major intracellular electrolyte and is essential for normal
cellular functions - answer-potassium
The distribution of potassium between intracellular and extracellular fluids is influenced
by what factors? - answer-insulin, aldosterone, epinephrine, alkalosis
An insulin deficiency, aldosterone deficiency, acidosis, cell lysis and strenuous exercise
can facilitate the shift of potassium________ of cells - answer-out
The ________________ is the most efficient regulator of potassium balance - answer-
kidney
When the body senses a lot of potassium has been ingested what happens? - answer-
potassium will be excreted in urine
During acute acidosis hydrogen ions accumulate in the icf and potassium shifts
_______________ - answer-out of the cell
_____________________ ____________________ is the ability of the body to adapt to
increased levels of potassium - answer-potassium adaptation
Shallow t waves and u waves are seen on and ekg in ________________________ -
answer-hypokalemia
Insulin promotes cellular uptake of potassium and insulin administration may cause
________________ - answer-hypokalemia due to an ecf potassium deficit
Diabetic ketoacidosis causes an increase in hydrogen ion concentration in the ecf
causing ______________ to shift into the cell in exchange for ________________ -
answer-hydrogen; potassium
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller biggdreamer. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $14.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
