BIO 669 STUDY GUIDE QUIZ
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
ANSWERS
Renal capsule - answer-mass of fat surrounding & covering each kidney
Renal fascia - answer-a fibrous tissue that double wraps the renal capsules
-contains adipose & connective tissue
Hilum - answer-indentation in kidneys & location for entry/exit of renal blood vessels,
nerves, ureters, lymphatic vessels
Cortex - answer-outer portion of kidney
Contains glumerulus, proximal tubules & distal tubules
Medulla - answer-inner portion of kidney
Contains renal pyramids-which contain the loop of henle & collecting ducts
-renal columns-extentions of cortex & extend b/w renal pyramids to renal pelvis
-major & minor calyces-chambers receiving urine from collecting ducts & enter renal
pelvis
Structural unit of kidneys - answer-lobe
-each lobe contains a pyramid & the overlying cortex
Nephron - answer-functional unit of kidneys
3 kinds-superficial cortical=85% of nephrons, extends into medulla
-midcortical=short or long loops
-juxtamedullary-12% of nephrons, lie close & extend deep into medulla, important for
concentrating urine
Glomerulus - answer-tufts of capillaries that loop into bowmans capsula
Bowmans capsule - answer-covers glomerulus & captures any fluid that leaks out of it
Mesangial cells - answer-secrete mesangial matrix that helps keep glomerulus together
-part connective tissue
-part smooth muscle so they contract to control blood flow
-part immune cells b/c they are phagocytotic & release cytokines
Renal corpuscle - answer-glomerulus, mesangial cells, & bowmans capsule
Glomerular filtration membrane - answer-filters blood components thru its 3 layers
, -inner capillary endothelium-in continuous contact w/basement membrane & contains
pores
-middle basement membrane-selectively permeable network
-outer capillary epithelium-contains podocytes from which pedicles/foot projections that
radiate & adhere to basement membrane
Filtration slits - answer-the pedicles interlock w/adjacts pedicles forming a network of
intercellular clefts
Glomerular filtration membrane duty - answer-separates blood of glomerular capillaries
from fluid in bowmans space & filters all components of blood ecept plasma proteins
Principal cells - answer-found in distal tubules
-reabsorbs sodium & secretes k
-sensitive to aldosterone
Intercalated cells - answer-secrete h & reabsorb k & bicarb
Juxtaglomerular cells - answer-renin releasing cells that surround the afferent arteriole
that enters the golmeulus
-b/w the afferent & efferent arterioles is the macula dense which has sodium sensing
cells
Juxtaglomerular apparatus - answer-juxtaglomerular cells & macula densa together
-controls renal blood flow, glomerular filtration, & renin secretion
-detect pressure, volume, & na differences
Interlobar artery - answer-separate b/w renal pyramids & supply blood to arcuate
arteries
Vasa vecta - answer-network of capillaries the forms loops & closely follows the loop of
henle
-only supply blood to the medulla
-important for forming concentrated urine
Ureters - answer-long intertwining smooth muscle bundles
-pass thru bladder & smooth muscle causes peristaltic activity propeling urine into
bladder
-micturition compresses the lower end of ureter to prevent reflux of urine
Bladder - answer-smooth muscle that forms the detrusor muscle that becomes thinner
as the bladder volume increases
-trigone is the smooth triangular area b/w 2 ureters & the urethra
Urethra - answer-longer in males
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
ANSWERS
Renal capsule - answer-mass of fat surrounding & covering each kidney
Renal fascia - answer-a fibrous tissue that double wraps the renal capsules
-contains adipose & connective tissue
Hilum - answer-indentation in kidneys & location for entry/exit of renal blood vessels,
nerves, ureters, lymphatic vessels
Cortex - answer-outer portion of kidney
Contains glumerulus, proximal tubules & distal tubules
Medulla - answer-inner portion of kidney
Contains renal pyramids-which contain the loop of henle & collecting ducts
-renal columns-extentions of cortex & extend b/w renal pyramids to renal pelvis
-major & minor calyces-chambers receiving urine from collecting ducts & enter renal
pelvis
Structural unit of kidneys - answer-lobe
-each lobe contains a pyramid & the overlying cortex
Nephron - answer-functional unit of kidneys
3 kinds-superficial cortical=85% of nephrons, extends into medulla
-midcortical=short or long loops
-juxtamedullary-12% of nephrons, lie close & extend deep into medulla, important for
concentrating urine
Glomerulus - answer-tufts of capillaries that loop into bowmans capsula
Bowmans capsule - answer-covers glomerulus & captures any fluid that leaks out of it
Mesangial cells - answer-secrete mesangial matrix that helps keep glomerulus together
-part connective tissue
-part smooth muscle so they contract to control blood flow
-part immune cells b/c they are phagocytotic & release cytokines
Renal corpuscle - answer-glomerulus, mesangial cells, & bowmans capsule
Glomerular filtration membrane - answer-filters blood components thru its 3 layers
, -inner capillary endothelium-in continuous contact w/basement membrane & contains
pores
-middle basement membrane-selectively permeable network
-outer capillary epithelium-contains podocytes from which pedicles/foot projections that
radiate & adhere to basement membrane
Filtration slits - answer-the pedicles interlock w/adjacts pedicles forming a network of
intercellular clefts
Glomerular filtration membrane duty - answer-separates blood of glomerular capillaries
from fluid in bowmans space & filters all components of blood ecept plasma proteins
Principal cells - answer-found in distal tubules
-reabsorbs sodium & secretes k
-sensitive to aldosterone
Intercalated cells - answer-secrete h & reabsorb k & bicarb
Juxtaglomerular cells - answer-renin releasing cells that surround the afferent arteriole
that enters the golmeulus
-b/w the afferent & efferent arterioles is the macula dense which has sodium sensing
cells
Juxtaglomerular apparatus - answer-juxtaglomerular cells & macula densa together
-controls renal blood flow, glomerular filtration, & renin secretion
-detect pressure, volume, & na differences
Interlobar artery - answer-separate b/w renal pyramids & supply blood to arcuate
arteries
Vasa vecta - answer-network of capillaries the forms loops & closely follows the loop of
henle
-only supply blood to the medulla
-important for forming concentrated urine
Ureters - answer-long intertwining smooth muscle bundles
-pass thru bladder & smooth muscle causes peristaltic activity propeling urine into
bladder
-micturition compresses the lower end of ureter to prevent reflux of urine
Bladder - answer-smooth muscle that forms the detrusor muscle that becomes thinner
as the bladder volume increases
-trigone is the smooth triangular area b/w 2 ureters & the urethra
Urethra - answer-longer in males
