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BIO 669 TEST REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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BIO 669 TEST REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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BIO 669 TEST REVIEW QUESTIONS ANDANSWERS
water makes up ____% in men - Answer-60%
water makes up ____% in women - Answer-50%
made up of 2/3 (40%) of water - Answer-intracellular
made up of 1/3 (20%) of water - Answer-extracellular
what two things make up extracellular fluid? - Answer-Intravascular and interstitial
what % of intravascular is in the extracellular? - Answer-25%
what % of interstitial is in the extracellular? - Answer-75%
who has more water, men or women? - Answer-men
who has more water, elderly or pediatric? - Answer-pediatric
why does total body water decrease as we age? - Answer-decreased free fat and
muscle mass
renal decline
diminished thirst perception
Starling forces - Answer-forces affecting movement of fluid between cells and spaces
net filtration - Answer-forces favoring filtration minus forces opposing filtration
Osmolarity - Answer-concentration of osmotically active particles in a solution
isosmotic - Answer-solutions with the same concentrations of solute particles
(osmolarity)
hyposomotic - Answer-solution with lower osmotic pressure. lower outside
hyperosmotic - Answer-solution with higher osmolarity. higher inside.
isotonic - Answer-two solutions with the same osmotic pressure
Hypotonic - Answer-when comparing two solutions, the solution with the lesser
concentration of solutes within the cell
, Hypertonic - Answer-when comparing two solutions, the solution with the greater
concentration of solutes within the cell
Forces favoring filtration - Answer-Capillary hydrostatic pressure (blood pressure) and
interstitial oncotic pressure (water-pulling)
Forces favoring reabsorption - Answer-Plasma (capillary) oncotic pressure (water-
pulling)
Interstitial hydrostatic pressure
edema - Answer-accumulation of fluid within the interstitial spaces
causes of edema - Answer-increased capillary hydrostatic pressure (increased BP),
decrease of plasma oncotic pressure,
obstruction of lymphatic circulation,
increased capillary permeability
What is ascites? - Answer-accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity
example of increased capillary hydrostatic pressure - Answer-venous obstruction, salt
and water retention, heart failure, renal failure
what does increased capillary hydrostatic pressure cause? - Answer-forces fluid into
tissues
causes of decreased capillary (plasma) oncotic pressure - Answer-decreased plasma
albumin
-decreased synthesis of plasma proteins (cirrhosis, malnutrition)
-increased loss of plasma proteins (nephrotic syndrome)
increased Na+ and H2O retention (dilution of plasma proteins)
what does lymph obstruction cause? - Answer-fluid movement into the tissues
decreased transport of capillary filtered protein ( thus increasing tissue oncotic
pressure)
what are examples of increased capillary permeability? - Answer-burns and
inflammation
what does increased capillary permeability do? - Answer-proteins escape= loss of
plasma proteins to interstitial space (thus increasing tissue oncotic pressure and
decreased capillary oncotic pressure)
papilledema - Answer-swelling and inflammation of the optic nerve at the point of
entrance into the eye through the optic disk
What causes papilledema? - Answer-often caused by increase in intracranial pressure
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