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CHAPTER 18 MECHANISMS OF HORMONAL REGULATION BIO 669 DR. AVENIDO EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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CHAPTER 18 MECHANISMS OF HORMONAL REGULATION BIO 669 DR. AVENIDO EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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CHAPTER 18 MECHANISMS OFHORMONAL REGULATION BIO 669 DR.
AVENIDO EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
The endocrine system is composed of glands that _________________ and
____________________ special chemical messengers called hormones - answer-
synthesize; release
Hormones affect every cell in the body. True or false - answer-true
The __________________________ system, ____________________ system, and
___________________________ system work together to regulate responses to
internal and external environmental changes - answer-endocrine; nervous; immune
What are the three mechanisms of communication? - answer-autocrine (within a cell)
Paracrine (between local cells)
Endocrine (between cells located remotely from each other)
What are the functions of the endocrine system? - answer-stimulates growth and
development
Coordinates the male and female reproductive systems
Maintains internal environments
Adapts to emergency demands of the body
Differentiation of reproductive system and cns in fetus
The pineal gland, parathyroid gland, thymus, pancreas, testes, pituitary gland, thyroid
gland, adrenal glands, and ovaries are all part of the __________________________ -
answer-endocrine system
Hormones can be secreted at specific rates and rhythms such as
______________________, _______________________ and
__________________________ - answer-diurnal
Pulsatile
Cyclic
Cyclic hormone secretions occurs most often with_______________________ -
answer-wake/sleep cycles
Diurnal hormone secretion occurs _________________ times per day - answer-two
, Hormones are released into circulation by _____________________ glands and trigger
intracellular responses - answer-endocrine
Hormones operate within _____________ and _______________ feedback systems -
answer-positive; negative
Hormones only affect _________________________ within appropriate receptors -
answer-target cells
Hormones are classified by:
____________________
____________________
____________________
____________________ - answer-structure
Gland of origin
Effects
Chemical composition
Most hormones are metabolized by cells and excreted as waste. True or false? -
answer-true
Steroid hormones are excreted by _____________ or deactivated by ____________ or
cellular mechanisms - answer-kidneys; liver
_________________ hormones are catabolized by circulating enzymes and eliminated
in feces or urine - answer-peptide
Hormones are regulated by ____________________, ____________________, or
_______________ factors - answer-chemical, hormonal, neural
Hormones are released in response to an alteration in cellular environment such as an
increase/decrease in ____________________, _______________________,
________________, etc. - answer-electrolytes, glucose, stress
Examples of chemical regulators of hormones are - answer-blood glucose; calcium
levels
A negative feedback occurs when a changing chemical, neural, or endocrine response
to a stimulus _________ the synthesis and secretion of a hormone - answer-decreases
Positive feedback occurs when a neural, chemical, or endocrine response
______________ the synthesis and secretion of a hormone - answer-increases
What are the three types of endocrine feedback loops (not positive/negative)? - answer-
long feedback loops
Short feedback loops
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