NURS 5315 M2 L2
DNA structure - ANS DNA consists of two long chains of nucleotides twisted into a double helix
and joined by hydrogen bonds between the complementary bases adenine and thymine or
cytosine and guanine. p 134-136
DNA function - ANS DNA is the code for making proteins and stores genetic information. p
134-136
DNA replication - ANS DNA unzips into two parts and splits with the cell. In it's new home each
side of the DNA strand attacks matching nucleotides to create 2 exact copies. It is important in
puberty and other times of growth as it is the reproducing of your cells. p 136
DNA mutation - ANS A change to the DNA structure. May be substitution of one base pair for
another (base pair mutations); change in a single amino acid (missense mutation), substitution
that produces three of the stop or nonsense codons (nonsense mutation), or insertion or
deletion of one or more base pairs to the DNA molecule (frameshift mutation) p 137
RNA structure - ANS single stranded helix p. 139
RNA function - ANS performs protein synthesis. p 140
translation - ANS (genetics) the process whereby genetic information coded in messenger RNA
(mRNA) directs the formation of a polypeptide. p 147
transcription - ANS (genetics) the organic process whereby the DNA sequence in a gene is
copied into mRNA. p 147
structure of chromosomes - ANS chromosomes are made out of sister chromatids and are
connected by a centromere. p 140
function of chromosomes - ANS carry genetic information. p 140
polyploidy - ANS A chromosomal alteration in which the organism possesses more than two
complete chromosome sets. p. 141
aneuploidy - ANS the presence of an abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell. p.143
autosomal aneuploidy - ANS Least common among live births.
(eg. Down Syndrome - Trisomy 21)
does not involve sex chromosomes
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