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NURS 611 Exam 1 – Questions & Accurate Answers (Pass!)
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NURS 611 Exam 1 – Questions & Accurate Answers (Pass!)
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NURS 611 Exam 1 – Questions & Accurate Answers(Pass!)
Nucleus Right Ans - contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure
composed largely of RNA, most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding
proteins, the histones, that regulate its activity
What 4 elements is DNA composed of? Right Ans - 1) deoxyribose
phosphate molecule
2) pyrimidine bases
3) purine bases
4) hydrogen bonds (stabilize the helix through large numbers)
what are Ribosomes? Right Ans - RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins)
that are synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into the cytoplasm through
pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore complexes (NPCs)
What is the chief function of Ribosomes Right Ans - Chief function of
ribosomes is to provide sites for cellular protein synthesis
Golgi Complex Right Ans - -network of flattened, smooth membranes and
vesicles frequently located near the nucleus of the cell.
-Proteins from the ER are processed and packaged into small membrane-
bound sacs or vesicles called secretory vesicles.
- refining plant and directs traffic into the cell.
Lysosomes Right Ans - maintain cellular health
- efficient removal of toxic cellular components
-if damaged, will release and cause AUTODIGESTION
-removal of useless organelles
- signals cellular adaptation
what do Peroxisomes contain? Right Ans - hydrogen peroxide and other
oxygen reactive species
Mitochondria Right Ans - - responsible for cellular respiration and energy
production.
-THINK ATP (energy) - ATP functions as the energy-transferring molecule.
, - urea and heme synthesis
How does a virus get into a cell? Right Ans - -through trickery!
-attaches to the cell and release and enzyme to facilitate entrance to the cell
-also by bacteria and parasites
Diffusion Right Ans - passive
process by which molecules move from an area of high concentration to an
area of low concentration
facilitated diffusion Right Ans - -needs help to enter the cell
- ex: insulin attaches to a receptor to let glucose in
Active transport Right Ans - -movement of a solute molecule from an area
of low concentration to an area of high concentration
- going against the gradient needs energy
What cells in our body cannot reproduce? Right Ans - neurons, heart cells,
skeletal muscle cells, red blood cells
-they do not reproduce or transform, but some can be created by the body
Main types of cell death? Right Ans - apoptosis and necrosis
apoptosis Right Ans - a cell death that is regulated or programmed. Cellular
self-destruction for elimination of unwanted cell populations
Necrosis Right Ans - characterized by rapid loss of the plasma membrane
structure, organelle swelling, mitochondrial dysfunction
#1 major cause of cellular injury leading to necrosis Right Ans - hypoxia
atrophy Right Ans - cell shrinks - decreased size
Normal atrophy Right Ans - physiologic atrophy
Effects of ischemia on cellular metabolism Right Ans - a reduction of ATP
levels causes the plasma membrane's sodium-potassium pump and sodium-
calcium exhange to fail, which leads to intracellular accumulation of sodium
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