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NURS 611 (Advanced Pathophysiology) - Questions & Solutions
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NURS 611 (Advanced Pathophysiology) - Questions & Solutions
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NURS 611 (Advanced Pathophysiology) - Questions &Solutions
Immunoglobulin associated with asthma Right Ans - IgE
Causes of pre-renal AKI Right Ans - hypo-perfusion
BUN is higher than plasma creatinine since urea is still reabsorbed
no damage to the kidneys, reversible
ex: dehydration, severe blood loss, heart failure, cirrhosis, sepsis
A patient has HTN and CKD, spilling out albumin out but have a normal GFR,
what kidney failure stage are they in? Right Ans - CKD stage 1
Characteristics of PCOS Right Ans - no single factor to cause
most common cause of anovulation, ovulatory dysfunction, and infertility
excess androgens
ovarian follicles do not develop normally
insulin resistance --> glucose intolerance and hyperinsulinemia result
-aggravate the hyperandrogenic state
Endometriosis Right Ans - ectopic functional endometrial tissue
-responds to hormonal fluctuations
common sites: pelvic peritoneum, ovaries
symptoms may vary but commonly include pain and infertility
responds to the hormones of the normal menstrual cycle except that the
ectopic tissue does not respond to progesterone --> bleeding occurs
ectopically --> inflammatory cascade activation --> can end up with fibrotic
changes and scarring causing adhesions, infertility, and pain
HPV Right Ans - known to cause cervical cancer
transmission via contact of surfaces of infected tissues or fluids after epithelial
trauma --> basal cells of the epithelium are infected --> the HPV virus uses the
cell's nuclear DNA to either cause increased growth that is noncancerous
(warts) or uncontrolled growth (cancer)
some can clear the infection, others cannot
smoking increases risks of persistent infection and later development of
cervical cancer
, Infection with high-risk HPV is a necessary precursor to development of
precancerous dysplasia of the cervix leading to invasive cancer
What is the condition of the urethral meatus when located on the ventral
portion of the penis? Right Ans - hypospadias
What type of renal injury can occur in BPH Right Ans - post-renal
obstructive uropathy
Pulmonary embolism findings Right Ans - partial or full obstruction of the
pulmonary artery
infarction of pulmonary tissue can occur
vasoconstriction-->decreased blood flow to the tissues --> with an increase in
pulmonary artery pressures --> overload the right ventricle --> RV failure
V/Q mismatch occurs at the affected lung tissue along with a decrease in
surfactant production
Pulmonary embolism symptoms Right Ans - hypoxemia
dysrhythmias
chest pain
dyspnea
tachypnea
tachycardia
panic feeling
coughing up blood
elevated dimer
Causes of acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis Right Ans -
inflammation of the glomerulus that occurs due to injury at the glomerulus
immune-mediated
secondary causes: systemic infection
Lung cancer associated with tobacco use Right Ans - small cell lung cancer
What makes PCOS worse? Right Ans - obesity
can increase the risk of insulin resistance
Cause of amenorrhea in a patient with no medical problems Right Ans -
pregnancy
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