There is a natural order with respect to which elements of language are learned at what time.
a) Theory of Krashen
b) Theory of Cummins - correct answer ✔✔a) Theory of Krashen
Basic interpersonal communication skills, or BICS, are acquired before cognitive academic language
proficiency (CALP).
a) Theory of Krashen
b) Theory of Cummins - correct answer ✔✔b) Theory of Cummins
BICS, or basic interpersonal communication skills, typically involve real-world situations, context, and
visual aids or body language to aid understanding.
a) Theory of Krashen
b) Theory of Cummins - correct answer ✔✔b) Theory of Cummins
Language acquisition is different from language learning, with learning being a more formal and rule-
governed process.
a) Theory of Krashen
b) Theory of Cummins - correct answer ✔✔a) Theory of Krashen
Students' emotional or affective state can impact their availability for language learning.
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