AQA A Level Sociology - Families and
Households - Full cards
Murdock (1949) - ANSArgue that the own family is accepted in a nuclear own family with a
heterosexual couple and established youngsters.
There is a clean department of labour among husband and wife - the husband is the
breadwinner who earns for the circle of relatives and the spouse is the housewife who does
domestic labour and childcare.
He argue that there are 4 critical features that the own family performs.
Reproductive characteristic - ANSEssential for the survival of society and with out
reproduction, it'd quit to exist
Sexual function - ANSThis creates a powerful emotional bond among husband and wife
which inspire fidelity and dedication to own family lifestyles. It contributes to balance in the
circle of relatives because it sets out the moral rules.
Economic feature - ANSprovide financial matters which are essential for sustaining kids lives
as an instance, safe haven, food and protection.
Parents take obligation for their welfare with the aid of bringing domestic an income,
.
Educational characteristic - ANSthis is carried out via primary socialization that's essential to
match into society. This is by way of learning norms and values. Culture can be handed from
era to era.
Criticisms of Murdock - ANS- the definition of own family is a 'product of time' and is
ethnocentric (based on view on Western families).
- Interprevists argue that he's cost-weighted down wherein he fails to well known that
households are the 'made of subculture'.
- also very dated and fails to take account of moderns social approaches.
- largely accurate that the family are the fundamental constructing blocks of society and most
sees it because the most crucial component.
Parsons (1955) 'Irreducible Functions' principle - ANSArgue that within the beyond, the own
family turned into a 'multi-purposeful' unit in which it changed into the 'jack of all trades'.
Now, there are most effective two 'irreducible features that the own family plays: the primary
socialization of kids and the stablisation of adult personalities.
Parsons (1955) 'Functional-Fit' concept - ANSHe also argue the type of society will rely upon
the shape of the own family. He argue that the nuclear family is 'functionally-match' in current
commercial society and the prolonged circle of relatives is 'functionally-suit' in the
pre-commercial conventional society. There are reasons in the back of this.
,Geographical cell personnel - ANSIn the beyond, humans stayed within the same places but
in cutting-edge society, as agencies and jobs circulate so does the own family. This manner
that the nuclear family is an awful lot simpler as it is greater small and compact.
Social cellular team of workers - ANSModern society is now done because of speedy
technological adjustments. This means a son can have a better repute than his father which
leads to tension and warfare. The grownup son could flow out and begin his very own
nuclear circle of relatives.
Criticisms of Parsons - ANS- accused of idealizing the circle of relatives.
- Fails to explore feasible differences between extraordinary social classes and ethnic
minority businesses.
- His ideals are 'fundamental and irreducible' which prevents him from examining
alternatives.
- He sees socialisation as a one-way process.
- sees it as a wonderful organization which is separated from elements of social lifestyles.
The New Right angle of the Family - ANSThey argue that the boom of circle of relatives
variety are the principle causes of family diversity and holds the view that there may be most
effective one 'accurate type' of own family - the nuclear circle of relatives. They believe that
the introduction of the welfare kingdom have led to a dependency tradition.
Criticisms of the New Right - ANS- Exaggerates the decline of the nuclear circle of relatives.
- Feminists argue that gender roles are socially built and argues towards the argument of
divorce being terrible.
- Most unmarried dad and mom aren't welfare scroungers and that it's far tough to work.
- Chester argue that most youngsters are in a nuclear family arrangement.
Marxist attitude at the Family - ANSThey argue that society are contributing towards
capitalism and maintaining magnificence inequality. This consists of the own family
Inheritance of belongings - ANSEngels argue that in the primitive communison, there was no
non-public belongings and there has been no regulations on sexual relationship which was
known as a promiscuous horde. As the capitalist system advanced, father needed their valid
heirs to skip down their wealth and their private property that have created the monogamous
nuclear family.
Ideological features - ANSArgue that the family performs key ideological functions for
capitalism.
- Does this by means of socializing youngsters telling them that hierarchy and inequality are
inevitable
- Zaretsky (1976) argue that the circle of relatives performs ideological functions by using
providing an obvious from the harsh and exploitative global of capitalism.
- Focused on how the circle of relatives helped the capitalist financial system in which the
proletariat having energy and control.
Unit of intake - ANSPlays a first-rate position into generating take advantage of bourgeoisie
as it is an crucial marketplace for goods income.
, - Urges families to consume the latest merchandise.
- The media objectives youngsters
- Must be mocked and stigmatized by way of peers for now not having the modern day
product.
Benefits capitalism and income not for society.
Marxist Feminists - ANS- sees the circle of relatives as a prime obstacle for female
emancipation.
- argue that the family is patriarchal and the motion of equality is a delusion.
- argue that domestic labour serves the capitalist and exploitative society.
- the obstacle to gender equality in employment as they may be a reserve navy of labour.
- argue that husband will pay for manufacturing to protection the future labour.
- ANSLEY (1972) argue that emotional help acts as protection cost. The frustration is
absorbed by way of the wife increasing domestic violence.
- COOPER (1972) argue the circle of relatives is an ideological conditioning device.
- FEELEY (1972) argue the shape of own family dating socializes kids to be normal in a
category based totally society.
Criticisms of Marxist Feminists - ANS- MORGAN argue that nuclear family at the moment
are becoming less not unusual.
- Ignores reality that girls have made progress.
- Exaggerate damage precipitated to ladies and neglects consequences of non-own family
relationships.
- Tends to painting as passive sufferers of capitalism and exploitation.
Liberal Feminists - ANS- Focuses on patriarchy and sees men because the hassle of gender
inequality.
- However, there had been improvements politically/legally and socially.
*this consists of balloting rights, legislations on sex discrimination and equality at paintings.
- They aren't completely happy with the changes and believes that gentle persuasion
convinces men.
- Sees no need for political and social revoluntary chances.
- Takes a march of development view.
Criticisms of Liberal Feminists - ANS- There is evidence outlining that adjustments does
have effects.
- Argue that there are specific reports displaying that guys are still not worried in childcare.
- Still earns around 70% of men's incomes and those working shorter/component-time are
probably to be housewives.
Radical feminists - ANS- emphasizes manner that the family is a patriarchal group
- argue that guys dominate ladies thru violence and threat and believes that women ought to
live independently building an opportunity society.
- Criticises the liberal feminists for not being proactive and argues that LESBIAN
RELATIONSHIPS are the solutions out of the patriarchal society.
- DELPHY AND LEONARD (1992) consider that ladies offer unpaid offerings being a sexual
associate.
*reinforces ladies to now not withstand husbands however is tough.
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