Solution Manual For
Criminology 3rd Canadian Edition By Freda Adler, William S. Laufer, Gerhard O. W. Mueller,
Jana Grekul
Chapter 1-13 Answers are at the End of Each Chapter
Chapter 1
Student name:__________
1) What are people who use their political, economic, or educational influences to raise
awareness about an issue and work toward changing laws termed?
A) Moral Entrepreneurs
B) Criminologists
C) Media Pundits
D) Activists
2) Who initially coined the term "criminology" in 1885?
A) Cesare Lombroso
B) Raffaele Garofalo
C) Enrico Ferri
D) Paul Topinard
3) Edwin H. Sutherland mandated that criminologists, like all other scientists, collect
information for study and analysis in accordance with
A) the research methods of modern science.
B) history.
C) the law.
D) what the research design will allow.
4) ______ are perceived standards of acceptable behaviour prevalent among members of society
A) Rules
B) Social norms
C) Conduct norms
D) Regulations
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,5) According to Edwin H. Sutherland, Criminology is the scientific study of
A) the making of laws.
B) the breaking of laws.
C) society's reaction to the breaking of laws.
D) all of these
6) According to Emile Durkheim, an act can be considered criminal if it violates or offends the
A) criminal law.
B) civil law.
C) collective conscience.
D) natural law.
7) The consensus model of law assumes that
A) members of society by and large agree on what is right and wrong.
B) the appropriate object of criminological investigation is conflict within society.
C) the criminal justice system is a means of controlling the classes that have no power.
D) the criminal law expresses the values of the ruling class in a society.
8) The conflict model of law assumes that
A) certain acts are deemed so threatening to the society's survival that they are
designated crimes.
B) the criminal law expresses the values of the ruling class in a society.
C) members of a society by and large agree on what is right.
D) society is a stable entity in which laws are created for the general good.
9) Criminology generally focuses on the study of
A) decision-making processes.
B) the efficiency of the criminal justice system.
C) correctional systems.
D) criminality.
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,10) Criminal justice generally focuses on all of the following areas except
A) the just treatment of offenders.
B) the needs of victims.
C) crime.
D) the effect of sentencing philosophy.
11) In the early twentieth century, criminal behavior was attributed to
A) opportunity.
B) feeblemindedness.
C) heredity.
D) maliciousness.
12) The interactionist model of law assumes that
A) Members of society agree to a common set of values
B) Law is fair and just
C) Numerous groups with various types of power compete to achieve their own
objectives
D) Members of a society by and large agree on what is right
13) To be convicted of a criminal offence, it must be proven that the accused carried out the act
intentionally, knowingly, and willingly. This is referred to as the "guilty mind" or
A) Actus Rea
B) Mens Rea
C) Criminal Code
D) Strict-liability offence
14) Who generated the most widely accepted definition of criminology?
A) Cesare Beccaria
B) Edwin Sutherland
C) Cesare Lombroso
D) Raffaele Garofalo
3
, 15) Criminologists distinguish between which two conflicting perspectives on the origin of
criminal law?
A) political and scientific
B) sociological and psychological
C) criminological and criminal justice
D) conflict and consensus
16) In Canada there are four main sources of criminal law which type of law prohibit or mandate
certain acts?
A) Constitution Act
B) Statute law
C) Case law
D) Administrative Law
17) In Canada, there are two main categories of criminal offences. A _______ offense is
considered more minor. It can result in a fine up to $5000 and a sentence of two years less a
day.
A) Indictable
B) Summary
C) Strict-Liability
D) Absolute-Liability
18) In Canada, there are two main categories of criminal offences. A _______ offense is
considered the most serious. It can result in a serious punishment if the offender is convicted.
A) Indictable
B) Summary
C) Strict-Liability
D) Absolute-Liability
19) According to the textbook, ______ is the earliest legal code in existence
A) Roman Law of the Twelve Tables
B) Common Law
C) Sharia Law
D) The Code of Hammurabi
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