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CHILD GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT: QUIZ 5 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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CHILD GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT: QUIZ 5 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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CHILD GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT:QUIZ 5 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Concepts - Answer-General ideas that organize objects, events, qualities, or relations
on the basis of some similarity
- Anything divided into general categories based on details
- These concepts help in the formation of categories
(Inanimate objects vs. people vs. animals; lunch vs breakfast; good vs bad)
Concepts of Causality Milestones: Infancy & Toddlerhood (Birth - 2 years) - Answer-
Perceive causal connections among physical events
Concepts of Causality Milestones: from Infancy & Toddlerhood (Birth - 2 years) to Early
Childhood (3 - 5 years) - Answer-Understand events have causes
Concepts of Causality Milestones: from Early Childhood (3 - 5 years) to Middle
Childhood (6 - 11 years) - Answer-Begin to actively search for causes
Concepts of Causality Milestones: from Middle Childhood (6 - 11 years) to Adolescence
(12 - 18 years) - Answer-Growing knowledge base makes causal explanations more
precise
Scaffolding - Answer-the support for learning and problem solving that encourages
independence and growth
Increasing knowledge about things is a ___ in development of causal thinking - Answer-
factor
Naive Psychology - Answer-A common sense understanding of human behavior in
terms of mental causes
Even infants seem to have a natural intuition about how people "work":
- People have desires
- People have beliefs
- People's actions are based on their desires and beliefs
What serves as the foundation for theory of mind? - Answer-Naive psychology
Theory of Mind - Answer-an awareness that other people's behavior may be influenced
by beliefs, desires, and emotions that differ from one's own
Perception -> belief -> Action -> reaction
Basic emotions/physiology -> desire -> Action -> Reaction
Theory of Mind Milestones: Infancy & Toddlerhood (Birth - 2 years) - Answer-
Understand others desires and intentions
, Theory of Mind Milestones: Early Childhood (3 -5 years) - Answer-Understand relations
between others' beliefs and actions
Theory of Mind Milestones: Middle Childhood (6-11 years) to Adolescence (12- 18
years) - Answer-Continue to develop more nuanced inference of people's behavior is
influenced by beliefs and intentions
By age ___, children seem to understand that desires influence actions and that
someone's desire can be different than their own - Answer-age 2
In ____, children are able to infer other's intentions - Answer-infancy
Ability to understand someone else's beliefs can be different than your own doesn't
develop until about age ___ - Answer-age 5
False Belief Tasks - Answer-Two common tasks are used to determine children's
understanding of the relation between others beliefs and their actions:
- Unexpected Contents Task
- Unexpected Transfer Task
unexpected contents task - Answer-false belief task; kid opens box of candy but there
are pencils inside; asked what their friend will think is in the box when they open it
unexpected transfer task - Answer-Involves presenting a scenario in which a character
believes something that the child participant knows is not true
Theory of mind relation to Piaget's ideas about egocentrism - Answer-Egocentrism is a
maladaptive behavior from a lack of Theory of Mind understanding, which is the ability
to take on the perspectives of others and to discern emotional cues. The current study
determines whether or not only children are more likely respond negatively to teacher
criticism.
Nature and Nurture - Answer-Nature (Innate Factors: Theory of Mind Module) + Nurture
(Experience Factors: Social Input) = Development
Nature - Answer-Theory of Mind Module
- The idea that humans are born with domain-specific mechanisms for understanding
and learning about people
Evidence for Theory of Mind Module - Answer-Autism
- Disorder associated with gene mutations that affects ability to understand and interact
with others
Evolutionary evidence
- Young humans seem to share the basic ability to "read" others intentions with apes
Newborn Attention to Relevant Input (e.g., faces)
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