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Portage NURS 251 - Test 4 Questions and Complete Solutions Graded A+
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Portage NURS 251 - Test 4 Questions and Complete Solutions Graded A+
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Portage NURS 251 - Test 4 Questionsand Complete Solutions Graded A+
Where in the body is the pituitary gland located? - Answer: The pituitary gland is located in the brain
near the hypothalamus.
What is the primary substance released from the pituitary gland? - Answer: Its primary role is to release
hormones into the body that control other glands within the endocrine system.
What are the two lobes of the pituitary gland called - Answer: Anterior Pituitary Gland & Posterior
Pituitary Gland
Hormones associated with the anterior pituitary gland - Answer: -Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
-Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
-Growth Hormone (GH)
-Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
-Prolactin (PH)
-Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH),
Hormones associated with the posterior pituitary gland - Answer: -Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
-Oxytocin
Uses of somatropin - Answer: used in children who are deficient in Growth Hormone to promote linear
growth
Uses of octreotide - Answer: Used in the treatment of severe watery diarrhea caused by a slow growing
tumor
Uses of vasopressin - Answer: used in emergency situations when blood pressure is dropping too low
, Uses of desmopressin - Answer: used to treat certain blood disorders
Two common disorders associated with the thyroid gland - Answer: Hypothyroidism & Hyperthyroidism
Hypothyroidism symptoms - Answer: cold intolerance, unintentional weight gain, depression, dry brittle
hair and nails, and fatigue
Hyperthyroidism symptoms - Answer: diarrhea, flushing, increased appetite, muscle weakness, fatigue,
palpitations, irritability, nervousness, heat intolerance and altered menstrual flow
What is levothyroxine? - Answer: a synthetic thyroid hormone used in hypothyroidism
Levothyroxine mechanism of action and special use instructions - Answer: Essentially levothyroxine
works in the same manner as the endogenous hormone, Thyroxine or T4. By taking levothyroxine, the
deficiency is corrected. However, it can be impacted by food or drugs and so it is recommended to take
on an empty stomach 30-60 minutes prior to breakfast.
Hyperthyroidism drugs (and how they work) - Answer: methimazole and propylthiouracil (PTU) are two
antithyroid drugs available that work by inhibiting the formation of the thyroid hormones.
Two conditions that can occur when there is a deficiency or excess of glucocorticoids released from the
adrenal cortex. - Answer: Addison's disease- deficiency
Cushing's syndrome- excess
Describe how glucocorticoids exert their anti-inflammatory effect. - Answer: The glucocorticoids work at
the cellular level to bind to receptors that either activate the production of anti-inflammatory proteins
or prevent proinflammatory protein production.
Describe the risks associated with long term use of glucocorticoids. - Answer: Symptoms similar to
Cushing's disease such as, abnormal fat deposits causing a rounded "moon face" or "buffalo hump" on
their shoulders. Steroid psychosis is associated with long term use. Prolonged use will result in increased
gluconeogenesis which can lead to obesity or diabetes. It will also lead to increased protein catabolism
which will show up as muscle weakness and wasting, thinning of skin, osteoporosis, decreased growth in
children, decreased wound healing, increased infections.
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