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Portage NURS 251 - Test 3 Questions and Complete Solutions Graded A+
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Portage NURS 251 - Test 3 Questions and Complete Solutions Graded A+
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Portage NURS 251 - Test 3 Questionsand Complete Solutions Graded A+
Two factors that determine a person's blood pressure - Answer: Cardiac Output and Systemic Vascular
Resistance
Cardiac output - Answer: amount of blood ejected from the heart's left ventricle in one minute (heart
rate x stroke volume)
SVR (systemic vascular resistance) - Answer: amount of resistance to blood flow
Contributing factors to a patient's blood pressure - Answer: Cardiac Factors: heart rate, contractibility
Circulating Volume: salt, alaosterone, hormones, and peripheral sympathetic receptors
Hypertension Classification - Answer: Normotensive = <120/80
Prehypertensive = 120-139/80-89
Hypertensive = >140/90
Stage 1 = 140-159/90-99
Stage 2 = >160/100
How to take blood pressure - Answer: The instrument used is called a sphygmomanometer. The health
care provider uses a blood pressure cuff to cut off the blood flow from the brachial artery. As they
release the pressure in the cuff, using a stethoscope, they are listening for the first sound, called the
Korotkoff sound, meaning there is no longer enough pressure to keep all the blood from flowing. This is
the top number or systolic value of the patient's blood pressure. The provider continues to let air out of
the cuff and eventually the sounds disappear, representing that the brachial artery is now completely
open. This is known as the diastolic value or bottom number in a patient's blood pressure.
Differentiate essential hypertension and secondary hypertension - Answer: -Essential hypertension
(primary hypertension): cause of the increased blood pressure is unknown.
-Secondary hypertension: elevated blood pressure is caused by another disease.
, peripheral resistance - Answer: resistance generated by the flow of blood through the arteries. When
this happens, the kidney releases an enzyme called renin.
Renin enzyme - Answer: leads to further vasoconstriction, water and sodium retention, and an increase
in blood pressure
What happens to the peripheral resistance during high blood pressure - Answer: there is an increased
peripheral resistance which decreases blood supply to the kidney.
Antihypertensive therapy - Answer: -goal is to decrease morbidity and mortality without decreasing
quality of life
Antihypertensive therapy should be started in patients - Answer: · 60+ if their blood pressure
>150/90mm/Hg.
· 59- or those with chronic kidney disease or diabetes used when the blood pressure >140/90mm/Hg.
The four first line antihypertensives - Answer: -Thiazide diuretics
-ACE-Inhibitors
-ARBs
-CCBs
Thiazide Diuretics (mechanism of action & example) - Answer: - known as a low sodium diet
- decreases plasma and extracellular fluid volumes which decreases preload and leads to a decrease in
cardiac output and total peripheral resistance.
- Hydrochlorothiazide
ACE Inhibitors (mechanism of action & example) - Answer: - Prevent angiotensin I from being converted
to angiotensin II. Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor. It also stimulates the reabsorption of water
and sodium into the body. Both of these actions raise blood pressure. Therefore, by blocking, blood
pressure is reduced.
- Lisinopril (Prinivil)
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