Exam (elaborations)
Pharmacology For Nursing Practice (NR-293) NR_293_Final_Exam.
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- Chamberlain College Nursing
Pharmacology For Nursing Practice (NR-293)
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NR 293 Final Concept OutlineThe following is a list of concepts to be familiar with in order to be successful on the final exam.
For each of the following drug classifications or groups know the following:
· Therapeutic effect/indications
· Main adverse effects, interactions, warnings, contraindications
· Safety concerns, assessments
· Patient Teaching
Ø Anti-infectives
- 95% of sinus infections are viral
o Antibiotics
1. Sulfonamides
a. Sulfamethoxazole
b. Trimethoprim
- (Bactrim) very often given the UTI because absorbed in the kidney
¨ AE: anemia, thrombocytopenia, hepatotoxicity, exfoliative dermatitis
¨ Interactions: +warfarin= bleeding, +phenytoin= increase phenytoin level, +oral diabetic
meds= decrease blood sugar
2. Penicillin
- Most used for gram + bacteria, used for ENT (ear, nose, throat) infection
a. Natural- penicillin VK, Pen G
b. Penicillinase- resistant- Nafcillin
c. Aminopenicillins- amoxicillin, ampicillin
d. Extended spectrum- piparicillin, ticarcillin
¨ AE: Rash, hives, angioedema
3. Beta- lactams
- Added to the penicillin to help reduce resistance of the bacteria to the drug
- Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid= augmenting (PO)
a. Clavulanic acid
b. Sulbactam
c. Tazobactam
PG 618
4. Cephalosporin
- Potential cross allergy to penicillin because they are very similar *ALWAYS GET
CULTURE FIRST
PG610
, a. 1st generation- cefazolin, cephalexin
- Pretty good gram +, not so much gram -, only available in parenteral use. Commonly for
surgical prophylaxis and for susceptible staphylococcal infections.
- Cefazolin: given before surgery to prevent skin infections
generation- cefuroxime, cefoxitin
b. 2nd
- Similar to 1st generation but has better gram – coverage.
- Cephamycin: have better coverage against various anaerobic bacteria
generation- ceftriaxone, ceftazidime
c. 3rd
- Ceftriaxone: most potent of all 3 generation. One of the few drugs that can cross the
blood brain barrier. Good half-life so can be given just once a day, and treats gonorrhea
generation- cefepime
d. 4th
- Has better gram -, but at the expense of gram +
generation- ceftaroline
e. 5th
- Most broad spectrum. Effective for MRSA. Also, for acute skin and skin structure
infections and community associate pneumonia. Needs to be adjusted for decreased renal failure.
¨ AE for all: abdominal cramps, rash
¨ Interactions: +ETOH= disulfiram reaction
5. Macrolides
- Given for STDS, strep throat, chlamydia, STI, listeria, legionella, Lyme disease
- Problem is a lot of resistance because a lot of people want these drugs for ex: cold
a. Erythromycin
b. Azithromycin
- treatment for gonorrhea and other name is Z-Pack
c. Clarithromycin
- given for H. Pylori + one of the tetracycline and a proton pump inhibitor
¨ AE: QT prolongation, palpitation, abnormal taste, dizziness
¨ Interactions: +carbamazepine, digoxin, warfarin, theophylline= increase level
6. Monobactam
- Gram –
- It preserves gram + normal flora so you don’t have the CDiff, good for severe systemic
infection and severe UTI, can be given IM or IV, good with other antibiotics.
- Less cross reaction with PCN allergy
a. Aztreonam
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