What are the 4 challenges to nursing - Answer 1. Graying of America, more hospitalized
patients who are older
2. Increasing Health care costs
3. More acutely ill patients
4. Rapidly advancing knowledge of medicine and nursing research that we need to keep
up to date on
What are the 4 aims of nursing - Answer 1. Promote health
2. Prevent illness
3. Restore health
4. Facilitate coping w/ disability or death
Who birthed modern nursing - Answer Florence Nightingale
What is Animism - Answer good spirits and bad spirits brought health and disparity
What was important about the dark ages - Answer Rome fell and knowledge of medicine
was lost, nursing became responsibilities of nuns and monks
What was important about the crusades - Answer Because of war, nursing became
respected profession
What was important about the Renaissance - Answer Socially acceptable to dissect
cadavers so learned a ton about anatomy and physiology
What did Florence Nightingale do for nursing - Answer Made nursing into respected
profession
What makes nursing a professional discipline? - Answer Nursing is based off of nursing
research, is patient centered care
What is Maslow's Hierarchy of needs from most to least important? - Answer
Physiological needs, Safety needs, Belonginess and love needs, esteem needs, self
actualization needs
How does Maslow's hierarchy of needs help nurses - Answer Helps nurses create plan
of care
Describe our need for safety - Answer Physical safety from harm and emotional safety
from fear and anxiety
Describe our need for love and belonging - Answer Need to give and receive love, family
and friends
Describe our self esteem needs - Answer Need to feel sense of accomplishment and that
others recognize our accomplishments, feelings of pride
Describe our self actualization needs - Answer Acceptance of self, respect for all
people, discriminate between good and evil
What is Nursing theory - Answer describes what nurses do, provides of way to test
knowledge through research
What are our 3 sources of knowldge - Answer Traditional, scientific, authoritative
What is traditional knowledge - Answer Knowledge that is passed down generation to
generation
What is scientific knowledge - Answer Knowledge obtained through scientific method
What is authoritative knowledge - Answer Knowledge from an expert
What is the General Systems theories - Answer How "parts" work together in "systems"
What is the Adaption theory - Answer The adjustment of living matter to other living
things and environmental conditions
What is developmental theory - Answer Orderly and predictable growth and
development form conception to death
Who is an author of developmental theory - Answer Erik Erikson and his developmental
theory of 8 stages of life
What are 4 common concepts in nursing theories - Answer 1. Person
2. Environment
3. Health
4. Nursing
What was Florence nightingale's theory - Answer Environmental theory, patient's
surrounding effects their healing process
What was Virginia Henderson's theory - Answer Nursing need theory - patient should
strive for independence and self care
, What was Madeleine Leininger's Theory? - Answer Transcultural nursing theory -
People's cultural background should be involved in their health, may not be traditional
and can affect how they view health
What was Patricia Benner's theory - Answer Theory of Novice to expert - Caring occurs
in the context of nursing skill development
What are the 5 stags of the novice to expert theory? - Answer 1. Novice
2. Advanced beginner
3. competent
4. proficient
5. expert
What was Katherine Kolcaba's theory? - Answer Kolcaba's theory of comfort - if patient
is comfortable it will aide in healing process, Patient comfort exists in 3 forms: relief,
ease, and transcendence
What was Hildergard Peplau's theory? - Answer Theory of interpersonal relations
Define health - Answer a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and
not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
Disease vs. Illness - Answer Disease: physiological condition Illness: How patient
responds to the disease
Does the nurse work with disease or illness? - Answer Illness
Acute vs Chronic - Answer Acute: short term, quick onset Chronic: develops over time
Is acute or chronic illness prioritized? Why? - Answer Acute illness is prioritized
because a person with chronic illness has physiologically adapted to their disease state
Remission vs. Exacerbation - Answer Remission: disease is no longer
Exacerbation: increase of severity of disease
Morbidity vs Mortality - Answer Morbidity: amount with disease Mortality: death rate
What is the health-illness continuum - Answer Looking at a person's level of health
Death → Illness → Normal health → Good health → High-level wellness
What is the health promotion model - Answer Looks at patient individual experiences,
characteristics, knowledge and beliefs to motivate patients to promote health
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