What are the kidneys' endocrine functions? - ANSWERSRenin secretion, Erythropoietin secretion,
Vitamin D activation
What are the most common causes of CKD in the USA? - ANSWERS• Diabetes
• Hypertension
• Polycystic Kidney Disease
Signs & Symptoms of fluid imbalance - ANSWERSHypertension
• Edema
• Shortness of Breath
A common cause of hypertension in dialysis patients is - ANSWERS• fluid overload
,What does hypertension lead to? - ANSWERS• Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy leads to: - ANSWERS• ischemic heart disease, arrhythmia, myocardial
infarction, and sudden death
Why are dialysis patients anemic? The life span of their red blood cell is 60 days or approximately ½ of
normal 120 days. - ANSWERSPrimary cause: Lack of the hormone erythropoietin (EPO)
Secondary causes: Inadequate iron stores, inadequate dialysis, malnutrition, blood loss during treatment
What are the four key elements contributing to CKD-Mineral Bone Disorder (MBD)? - ANSWERS•
Calcium, Phosphorus, PTH, Vitamin D (Calcitriol)
- All lead to CKD-MBD when they are abnormal
Pre-renal causes of AKI - ANSWERSObstruction, Volume Depletion, Impaired Cardiac Function
Intra-renal causes of AKI - ANSWERSIschemic ATN, Sepsis, SIRS, Septic Shock, Anaphylaxis Drugs,
Goodpasture Syndrome, Acute Glomerulonephritis, Trauma, Open Heart Surgery
Post-renal causes of AKI - ANSWERSObstruction, Oliguric, Bladder rupture, Pregnancy
Explain the difference between AKI and CKD - ANSWERS• Eliminating the cause of the AKI can often lead
to the return of kidney function
• You cannot eliminate the cause of CKD which is HTN, Diabetes, genetic disorders (PKD)
What are V-tags and why are they important? - ANSWERS• They state specific regulations to be met
within a condition such as infection control, providing interpretive guidance for each regulation and
citing deficiencies by tag #
The manual conductivity value must match +/- 0.4 mS on the Fresenius (FMC) 2008K and K2 dialysis
delivery system displayed conductivity. Checking independent conductivity is NOT required when using
the Fresenius 2008T or T BlueStar models or B Braun hemodialysis machines.
, T or F - ANSWERST
What is "strikethrough" of an external pressure transducer and why is it of concern? - ANSWERS• It is
when fluid could have entered the machine and contaminated the internal pressure transducer
protector providing a reservoir for microorganisms and causing subsequent patient blood infections
List six occurrences when to document. - ANSWERSBaseline assessment
Change from baseline assessment
Change in patient's condition
Procedure or treatment
Medication given and patient response
Patient teaching
What does SMART communication stand for? - ANSWERSS: Simple: keep message clear and simple
M: Meaningful: think about what and why you are sending the message
A: Actual: just report the facts
R: Read: make sure you are sending the message you intend
T: Teach: others about SMART communication
Data Collection-PCT - ANSWERSNoting presence of edema
What is the role of the PCT prior to treatment initiation? - ANSWERSComplete data collection and PCT
must notify the RN if there are any abnormal findings prior to initiation of tx
The three words DaVita uses in order to easily recall the pre-treatment AVF/AVG access evaluation are: -
ANSWERS'Look, Listen, Feel'
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