Exam (elaborations)
Sociology Exam 1 (Chapter 1,2,3,4,and 6)
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Sociology Exam 1 (Chapter 1,2,3,4,and 6)
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Sociology Exam 1 (Chapter1,2,3,4,and 6)
Sociology - -The systematic study of the relationship between the individual
and society and of the consequences of difference.
-According to C. Wright Mills, the sociological imagination focuses on the
intersection between what two things? - -History and Biography
-What is the primary sociological lesson we learn from the hamburger as a
miracle example? - -We take our interdependence and the knowledge we
collectively share for granted.
-In their attempts to describe the relationship between sociology and
common sense, sociologists argue that__________. - -Sociology depends on
systematic analysis through research whereas common sense does not.
-Emile Durkheim's research on suicide found that____________. - -The more
socially integrated someone is the less likely he or she is to commit suicide.
-Karl Marx argued that in order to understand social order we must include
analysis of__________. - -Ownership of the means of production.
-What sociologist made a major contribution to society through his in-debth
studies of urban life, including both Blacks and Whites? - -W.E.B. Du Bois
-What is the sociological term for loss of direction felt in a society when
social control of individual behavior has become ineffective? - -Anomie
-Thinking of society as a living organism in which each part of the organism
contributes to its survival is a reflection of which theoretical perspective? - -
The Functionalist Perspective
-The career path with which the specific intent of altering social
relationships or restructuring organizations is known as_________? - -Clinical
Sociology
-The fist step in any sociological research project is to______________? - -
Define the problem
-An explanation of an abstract concept that is specific enough to allow a
researcher to measure the concept is a(n)____________. - -Operational
Definition
, -In sociological and scientific research, what is a hypothesis? - -A testable
statement about the relationship between two or more variables.
-What is the variable hypothesized to cause or influence another called? - -
Independent Variable
-Validity - -The degree to which a measure or scale truly reflects the
phenomenon under study.
-Which research technique do sociologists use to ensure that data are
statistically representative of the population being studied? - -Sampling
-Ethnography is an example of which type of research design? - -
Observation
-The Hawthorne Effect - -The unintended influence that observers of
experiments can have on their subjects.
-According to Max Weber, researchers should not allow their personal
feelings to influence the interpretation of data. He referred to this as what? -
-Value Neutrality
-What do sociologists refer to as the structure of relationships within a
culture is created and shared through regularized patterns of social
interaction? - -Society
-People's need for food, shelter, and clothing is an example of what George
Murdock referred to as what? - -Cultural Universals
-What is an invention? - -Combining existing cultural items into a form that
did not exist before.
-What term do sociologists use to refer to the process by which a cultural
item spreads from group to group or society to society? - -Diffusion
-Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis - -Language shapes our perception of reality.
-Values represent shared______whereas norms provide guidelines for
shared_________. - -Beliefs; Behaviors
-What type of norms is deemed highly necessary to the welfare of a
society,often because these norms embody the most cherished principles of
a person? - -Mores
-Dominant Ideology - -Describes the set of cultural beliefs and practices
that help to maintain powerful social, economic, and political interests.
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