NUR 311 - Respiratory Drugs Review Questions and Correct Answers
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Course
NUR 311
Institution
NUR 311
Types of inhalation devices Metered-dose inhalers (MDI), soft-mist inhalers (SMI), dry powder inhalers (DPI), and small-volume nebulizers (SVN)
How to use a MDI Begin slow inhalation, rapid inhale with hand-breath coordination, hold for 10 seconds, and repeat 1 minute later
How much of the active...
NUR 311 - Respiratory Drugs Review
Questions and Correct Answers
Types of inhalation devices ✅Metered-dose inhalers (MDI), soft-mist inhalers (SMI),
dry powder inhalers (DPI), and small-volume nebulizers (SVN)
How to use a MDI ✅Begin slow inhalation, rapid inhale with hand-breath coordination,
hold for 10 seconds, and repeat 1 minute later
How much of the active ingredient reaches the lungs in a MDI? ✅9% of the active
ingredient reaches the lungs
How much of the active ingredient reaches the lungs with a spacer? ✅21% of the
active ingredient reaches the lungs
How to use an SMI ✅TOP method
Define TOP method ✅Turn base until click, Open cap until click, Press dose release
button while inhaling and repeat
Advantage of soft mist inhalers ✅Delivers more of the active ingredient into the lungs
How to use a DPI ✅Breath-activated by fast inspiration
How much of the active ingredient reaches the lungs with a DPI? ✅20% of active
ingredient reaches lungs
Advantages of DPIs ✅No hand-breath coordination, propellant, or need for spacer
Disadvantages of DPIs ✅Causes hoarseness
How to use a small volume nebulizer ✅Small machine converts solution into a mist
that is inhaled through a facemask connected with tubing
How much of the active ingredient reaches the lungs in a SVN? ✅Same amount of
active ingredient enters lungs as a MDI
Advantages of SVNs ✅No hand-breath coordination, rapid inhalation, or hand strength
Examples of MDIs ✅Proair, ventolin, symbicort
, Examples of SMIs ✅Combivent and Spiriva Respimat
Examples of DPIs ✅Advair, Incruse and Breo Ellipta
First line of asthma therapy ✅Inhaled glucocorticoids
Mechanism of inhaled glucocorticoids ✅Suppress inflammation, bronchial reactivity,
decrease mucus production, and increase amount of beta2-adrenergic receptors and
their responsiveness
Uses for inhaled glucocorticoids ✅Prevent moderate to severe asthma
Considerations of inhaled glucocorticoids ✅Oral candidiasis (flush)
Examples of glucocorticoid inhalers ✅Pulmicort (budesonide)
Fluticasone (flovent)
Mometasone (asmanex)
Cautions of inhaled glucocorticoids ✅Pediatrics, pregnancy, and breastfeeding
Contraindications of inhaled glucocorticoids ✅Fungal infections and live viruses
Mechanism of montelukast ✅Blocks leukotriene receptors
- Bronchodilation, decreased mucus, decreased edema, and decreased eosinophilic
filtration
Uses of montelukast ✅Prevent asthma, exercise-induced bronchospasm, and allergic
rhinitis
When is montelukast normally taken? ✅At bedtime
Adverse reactions of montelukast ✅Churg-Strauss syndrome
What causes Churg-Strauss syndrome? ✅Rapid conversion from steroids to singulair
Mechanism of cromolyn ✅Mast cell stabilizer
- Binds to the surface of mast cells and prevents the release of histamine
Uses of cromolyn ✅Prevent allergic and exercise-induced bronchospasms,
Used if problems with glucocorticoids and hypertension
Use 15 minutes before exercise or allergen exposure
Cromolyn administration ✅Use ampules in SVN 1-4 weeks before allergy season
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