Brain, Mind, and Behavior - Exam with correct answers 2024
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Course
Brain, Mind, and Behavior - E
Institution
Brain, Mind, And Behavior - E
Cajal's Neuron Doctrine correct answers - brain is composed of independent cells
- information is transmitted from cell to cell across synapses
- neurons-->most important part of the nervous system, estimated 90-100 billion
- Glial cells: type of cell that provides physical/chemical suppo...
Cajal's Neuron Doctrine correct answers - brain is composed of independent cells
- information is transmitted from cell to cell across synapses
- neurons-->most important part of the nervous system, estimated 90-100 billion
- Glial cells: type of cell that provides physical/chemical support to neurons and maintain
their environment
Glial Cells correct answers support neuronal activity
- astrocytes: star shaped cells with many processes; receive neuronal input and monitor
activity
- microglia: small cells that remove debris from injured cells --> nervous system's own
immune system
myelination correct answers - process in which glial cells wrap axons with a fatty
sheath, myelin, to insulate and speed conduction
myelin correct answers a fatty substance that helps insulate neurons and speeds the
transmission of nerve impulses
Nodes of Ranvier correct answers gaps between sections of myelin where the axon is
exposed
multiple sclerosis correct answers A chronic disease of the central nervous system
marked by damage to the myelin sheath. Plaques occur in the brain and spinal cord
causing tremor, weakness, incoordination, paresthesia, and disturbances in vision and
speech
Oligodendrocytes correct answers myelin sheath in the brain/spinal cord (CNS)
Shwann cells correct answers myelin outside the brain/spinal cord (PNS)
Basic Neuronal Structure correct answers - mitochondria: produce energy
- cell nucleus: contains genetic instructions
- ribosomes: translate genetic instructions into proteins
- endoplasmic reticulum (ER): several functions
*neurons are specialized as a communication device-->designed to take info in then
make a decision and send info out
neural communication correct answers - electrical communication: signaling within
neurons; intracellular-->very few drugs affect this
- chemical communication: signaling between neurons; intercellular-->this is where
drugs affect the neuro system
, external features of the neuron correct answers - cell body (soma): where info is
coming in, nucleus is here
- dendrites: branches around the cell body, make connections with other axons that
send info from other neurons, input center
- axon: output pathway away from the cell body-->action potential is present here
- Bouton (axon terminal): where neurotransmitters are released
- nodes of ranvier: if these do not exist the neuron will not work correctly, if they are not
put in the right places the neuron dies early
- synapse: connection between axon and cell body/dendrite
classifying neurons correct answers neurons are classified by shape, size, or function
classifying neurons (function) correct answers 1. Motoneurons (motor neurons): contact
muscles/glands
2. Sensory neurons/receptors: respond to environmental stimuli, such as light, odor, or
touch
3. Interneurons: receive input from and send input to other neurons-->this term is also
used to refer to small neurons within a structure; 99% of our neurons are this type
classifying neurons (shape) correct answers 1. multipolar neurons: one axon, many
dendrites, most common type
2. bipolar neurons: one axon, one dendrite
3. monopolar (unipolar) neurons: single body extension, branching in 2 directions:
dendrites and axon
4. interneurons: cell body and dendrites like multipolar, very very short axon or none at
all-->not sending signals far away to the brain it's only affecting other neurons very
close by
*dendrites are always inputs, axons are always outputs
Resting Potential correct answers measure from inside the cell to outside the cell,
inside is more negative than outside, inside has a negative resting potential
- neurons have a resting potential of about -70mV
- resting potential is due to the location of charged particles
Distribution of ions inside/outside of the cell correct answers - Na+: sodium, hangs
outside the cell
- K+: potassium, hangs inside the cell
- Cl-: chloride, hangs outside the cell
- Ca++: calcium, hangs outside the cell
- proteins -
*there is enough flow of these other ions that they can move in and out of the cell
through ion channels that are specific to different ions
post synaptic potentials (graded potentials) correct answers immediate, correlate to
input, and dissipate in space/time, decremental conduction
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