Brain Mind and Behavior Exam 1
Heyman
what is the relationship between the orientation of the image on the back of your eye
(retina) and your vision correct answers its 2d, upside down, and left right reversed
what isn he conventional definition of psychology correct answers the science of mind
and behavior
psych is pursued at many levels, as a function of... correct answers the brain, genetics,
and experience
what are the goals of psychology correct answers -To create a scientific understanding
of the brain, mind, and behavior.
-To develop procedures for ameliorating individual functioning based on science theory
and experience
what is the question being tested in the experiment "does meditation promote physical
health" correct answers is there a causal relationship between mediation and better
health
what was the method for testing if meditation promotes physical health correct answers
group its 8 weeks of meditation training, control group on wait list. everyone gets flu
vaccine at end (degree to which body responds to vaccine indicates immune system
strength)
what do we conclude from the meditation and health experiment correct answers there
are correlates but its not fully controlled. regardless, there was a noninvasive
manipulation happening so there is a connection
consciousness emerges from correct answers brain activity
experience alters ____ correct answers consciousness
psychological phenomenon have ... correct answers physical basis
what is the question in the Minnesota twins experiment correct answers genest
influence attitudes (on politics) why?
what type of political attitudes did they look at for twins in the Minnesota experiment
correct answers traditional things like punishment, nonconformity, and women
,who were the subjects in the Minnesota twin exprimnt correct answers twins who lived
apart
what was Darwins trip for correct answers to collect flora and fauna from around the
world
what is the mystery of mysteries correct answers Charles Darwin, - so much variety
among so many living things with lots of adaptation among them yet different species
share similarities too
what was Darwins proposed solution to the mystery of mysteries correct answers
natural selection
what did Darwin know at the time correct answers -earth was old
-on population growth (Malthus essay)
-species not fixed (his voyage)
-artificial selection possible (Breeding pigeons)
what are the aspects of darwins natural selection correct answers retention,
competition, unplanned variation, environmental selection
retention correct answers unit of inheritance (genes) that is passed on from one
generation to the next
why is there competition in natural selection correct answers population growth is
exponential and resources are limited
environmental selection correct answers the environment exerts pressures that factor
the reproductive success of some phenotypic variations
units of inheritance, random variation, and environmental selection yield __________ in
the inheritance factors & eventually new species correct answers adaptive change
what is the mechanism for evolution correct answers natural selection
imprinting is a genetic influence on ____ while attitudes are genetic influences on _____
correct answers behavior, the mind
what does a graph for memory experiment look like, what does it show correct answers
u shaped - remember the first and last words in a list
why do you remember the first and last words on a list correct answers primacy - you're
rehearsing the first few words,
recency - last words said are freshest
,what do social institutions reflect for humans correct answers our biology
what is the main implication for the understanding of humans and society correct
answers humans are as much a part of nature and evolution, so mind and behavior
have a biological basis
why was Darwins account of evolution so controversial correct answers no god,
-human is an animal,
-mind and behavior have biological basis, human culture reflects biology,
-human and nonhuman anatomy and psychology overlap,
-individual differences are inherent
-we are constrained by genetic factors with no control,
what are the three things that lead to adaptation when considering evolution by natural
selection correct answers genetic variation, competition, environmental selection
why does natural selection not seem biologically plausible ? correct answers
adaptations seem too complex,
-how we live changes so rapidly,
-no obvious adaptive basis for many human qualities,
-human exceptionalism (were so different than other species)
what is a blind, mechanical, natural process correct answers natural selection
what did Darwin want to explain correct answers the immense variety among living
things and the adaptation among them
how did Darwin explain the variety he observed correct answers though natural
selection
trait correct answers a distinguishing characteristic, such as hair color or outgoing
temperament
traits are influenced by both ____&______ correct answers genes and experience
what do you inherit? (& how is it different than early theories) correct answers DNA
(instructions that LEAD to traits)
DNA correct answers instructions for creating basic biological structures (Proteins)
what are two examples of a gene -> a trait correct answers CRX gene ->
photosensitive protein in retina.
ALDH2 gene -> enzyme for metabolizing alcohol
gene expression correct answers the process where by DNA is converted into a
functional product (protein)
, every cell has the same DNA but they can differ in function and structure . what is the
process that leads to these differences correct answers gene expression
gene expression is a complex process influenced by what correct answers physiology,
maturation, the environment, and experience (ex: hormones, diet, learning,
temperature)
what are the processes that take DNA to proteins (gene expression) correct answers
transcription (DNA -> RNA),
translation (RNA->Amino acid chain),
folding (amino acid chain -> protein)
what is the process that shows traits reflect both genetics and experience correct
answers DNA-> gene expression -> proteins -> traits
(experience has an arrow towards gene expression AND two arrows back and forth for
traits)
at what level does experience matter at correct answers gene expression (transcription
and translation) and traits (traits influence experience, experience influences traits)
the characteristics of instincts correct answers -stereotypic behavioral patterns,
-triggered by specific stimuli
-often accompanies by specific emotions
-shown by all members of species
-involve fundamental behaviors for survival
-influenced by genetic factors
what is largely inherited goal directed behavior correct answers instincts
what is the instinct of attachment correct answers process in which newborn animal
established social / emotional/ physical bonds with a stimulus (usually its mother)
what is an example of imprinting correct answers ducklings follow mothers at birth
imprinting often determines what for these animals when they are adults correct
answers mate selection
is there imprinting for humans? correct answers think there might be, want to care for
baby like proportions (stimulus could be size of head for cuteness)
what is a relevant instinct in humans correct answers facial expressions seem
instinctive regardless of race culture species and age
