Maryville NURS 611 Advanced Pathophysiology
Exam 1 Latest Update 2024-2025 Actual Exam
200 Questions and 100% Verified Correct
Answers Guaranteed A+ Verified by Professor
Apoptosis - CORRECT ANSWER: A programmed cell death that is regulated or
programmed. Cellular self-destruction for elimination or unwanted cell populations
Calcium and phosphorus have what kind of relationship> and is influenced by which 3
things? - CORRECT ANSWER: 1- reciprocal
2- PTH, calcitonin, and vit D
causes of hypermagnesemia - CORRECT ANSWER: 1- renal insufficiency or failure
(most common)
2- excessive intake of mag antacids
3- adrenal insufficiency
causes of hyperphosphatemia - CORRECT ANSWER: 1- acute or chronic renal failure
2-treatment of metastatic tumors with chemo that releases large amounts of phosphate
3- long term use of laxatives/enemas
4- hypoparathyroidism
causes of hypocalcemia? - CORRECT ANSWER: 1- Hypoalbuminemia
2- massive blood administration
3- Decreases in PTH and Vit D levels
4- malnutrition
5-alkalosis
6-elevated calcitonin level
7-pancreatitis
causes of resp. alkalosis - CORRECT ANSWER: 1- hyperventilation
2- stroke, septicemia, meningitis, encephalitis, brain injury
3- mechanical hyperventilation
cellular metabolism- what molecule gives us energy? - CORRECT ANSWER: ATP
functions as the energy-transferring molecule
Cystic fibrosis is caused by what type of gene? - CORRECT ANSWER: autosomal
recessive
During ischemia, what effect does the loss of ATP have on the cells? - CORRECT
ANSWER: a reduction of ATP levels (ATP needs oxygen) that causes the Na+/K+ pump
and Na+/Ca exchange to fail, leading to intracellular accumulation of Sodium and
calcium and diffusion of K+ out of the cell . Sodium and water can enter cell freely
causing cellular swelling
Example of beneficial physiologic hypertrophy? - CORRECT ANSWER: hypertrophy of
myocardial cells from endurance training
, example of compensatory hyperplasia? - CORRECT ANSWER: regeneration of the liver
example of hormonal hyperplasia - CORRECT ANSWER: enlargement of the uterus
during pregnancy
example of metaplasia - CORRECT ANSWER: normal columnar ciliated epithelial cells
of the bronchial lining being replaced by squamous cells. can be reversed if irritant
stopped
example of pathologic hypertrophy - CORRECT ANSWER: cardiomegaly in a
hypertensive patient
example of pathological hyperplasia - CORRECT ANSWER: endometrial tissue
explain how fluid moves from the intravascular space into the interstitial space. what is it
influenced by>? - CORRECT ANSWER: through the arterial end of capillaries and the
capillary hydrostatic pressure being higher than the capillary oncotic pressure. It is
influenced by the cardiac system (think about the heart getting fluids/nutrients where
they need to go)
Explain RAAS - CORRECT ANSWER: 1- circulating blood volume/pressure is reduced
felt by the kidneys
2- renin is released in response to the sympathetic nerve stimulation and decreased
perfusion of the renal vasculature. Angiotension I is converted into Angiotension II.
3- aldosterone is pumped out by the adrenal glans (main hormone released to increase
perfusion). aldosterone increased sodium and therefore an increase in storage of water
and increases BP
How common is a given disease in a population? - CORRECT ANSWER: well-
established measures are used to answer this question
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