DEOMI EOAC - Exam 5 - Review Questions and Answers
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Course
DEOMI EOAC
Institution
DEOMI EOAC
What term describes our conceptions of what is good or bad, desirable or not, proper or
improper?
o :## Values are our conceptions of what is good or bad, desirable or not, proper or
improper
(Schaefer, 2008).
They include personal values, socially accepted values, and military values.
Dif...
DEOMI EOAC - Exam 5 - Review Questions
and Answers
What term describes our conceptions of what is good or bad, desirable or not, proper or
improper?
o :## Values are our conceptions of what is good or bad, desirable or not, proper or
improper
(Schaefer, 2008).
They include personal values, socially accepted values, and military values.
Different groups of people uphold different values.
List the five categories into which values can be place.
o :## Values categories
a. Personal: Family, environment, and nation.
b. Social: Developed early in life; put the rights of wider groups of people first.
c. Political: Beliefs about the best way to govern a country or organization.
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d. Economic: Focus on money. Examples include equal employment, economic stability,
property
ownership, and taxes.
e. Religious: Ethical principles founded in religious traditions, texts, and beliefs. Religious-
based values (ethics) are based on scripture and a religion's established norms.
What is the definition of morals?
o :## Morals reflect beliefs about right and wrong conduct (Agnes & Guralnik, 2006),
what to do
in light of values.
True or False. A person's ethics are based on their values and morals, or on the values and
morals set by society.
o :## True
Ethics is the standard of conduct governing an individual or an organization (Nelson &
Trevino, 2007) and developed through continual reflection of right and wrong.
Ethics is based on individual values and morals, or the values and morals set by society.
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Ethics encompasses two concepts:
a. What is the right conduct for me?
b. What is the right conduct for others?
What are the three principal difficulties with goal-based ethics?
o :## Goal-Based Ethics
a. Definition: Centered on either an outcome-based ethical ideal or the idea that by making
ethical
decisions, you enjoy some greater benefit.
b. Three principal difficulties with goal-based ethics:
1) Who determines whose good is the good? Those with the greatest numbers? Those
possessing the
greatest rank and power?
2) One cannot know if one has done the right thing until the action is completed.
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3) The moral life is full of uncertainties, and we can make mistakes about our
predictions and decisions. Do the ends justify the means?
When making moral decisions, what is the focus of principle-based ethics?
o :## Principle-Based Ethics
a. Definition: Focuses on theories of the importance of general principles, such as respect
for autonomy, beneficence/non-maleficence, and justice.
b. Involve making decisions founded on principles (philosophy, beliefs, doctrine, etc.) and
sense of duty. Intentions should be of primary importance, not the consequences.
c. May result in consequences that are difficult to live with. Example: Lying to save a life.
d. Very difficult way of life. Example: Choosing to tell a would-be murderer a lie about the
whereabouts of a murderer's intended victim, even if we believe lying to be wrong, rather
than telling the murderer the location of the intended victim because being honest is
always the right thing to do.
What is the first step in ethical decision making?
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