AORN PERIOD 101 FINAL EXAM LATEST 2024/2025
UPDATED QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS GRADED A+
What are the four elements of malpractice? - ANSWER-• Duty
• Breach of duty
• The breach of duty caused an injury
• The injury was harmful to the patient
Elements of Informed Consent - ANSWER-• Must be obtained by the licensed
professional who is performing the procedure
• The patient must give consent voluntarily with the full understanding of all
implications
• Must include
o Diagnosis
o Proposed treatment
o Treatment alternatives
o Consequences of accepting or declining the proposed treatment
Five Rights of Delegation - ANSWER-Right task
Right circumstance
Right person
Right communication and direction
Right supervision and evaluation
,Four types of patient privacy health care providers and personnel have an
ethical and legal responsibility to always maintain - ANSWER-• Medical
information
• Physical exposure
• Personal privacy
• Electronic privacy
Eight factors to consider before determining what anesthetic to use for a
particular patient - ANSWER-• Patient's age
• Length & type of surgery
• Patient & surgeon preferences
• Patient's co-existing diseases
• Patient's mental & psychological status
• Patient's previous experiences with anesthesia
• Plans & protocols for postoperative pain management
• Position of the patient during surgery
The American Society of Anesthesiologist's NPO Guidelines - ANSWER-• Clear
liquids - stop 2 hours before surgery
• Breast milk - stop 4 hours before surgery
• Infant formula - stop 6 hours before surgery
• Light meal (toast & a clear liquid) - stop 6 hours before surgery
• Fried foods, fatty foods, meat - stop 8 hours before surgery
Circulator RN duties during Induction of anesthesia and assisting anesthesia
professional with Cricoid Pressure - ANSWER-• Cricoid pressure application is
not released until the endotracheal (ET) tube cuff is inflated, tube placement is
,confirmed, and anesthesia provider has given a verbal confirmation to the
nurse that the cricoid pressure can be released.
• If intubation or ventilation of the patient becomes difficult, the perioperative
nurse should retrieve additional airway equipment and supplies.
General anesthesia - ANSWER-• A drug-induced reversible state of
unconsciousness
• Results in amnesia, analgesia, and loss of responsiveness, decreased stress
response, and loss of skeletal muscle reflexes to a varying degree
Regional anesthesia - ANSWER-• An injection of local anesthetics near nerve
fibers that causes reversible loss of sensation over an area of the body
• Examples include spinal, epidural, and peripheral nerve blocks.
Monitored anesthesia care (MAC) - ANSWER-An anesthesia provider monitors
the patient, administers sedatives and other agents as needed, and provides
medical services as required.
Moderate sedation - ANSWER-• The administration of sedative, analgesic,
and/or anxiolytic agents by a physician or by a nurse under physician
supervision
• Depending on state laws and hospital policies, an RN may administer
moderate sedation.
Local anesthesia - ANSWER-• The infiltration or topical administration of agents
to anesthetize a part of the body
• The perioperative nurse provides patient monitoring and supportive care.
Phases of general anesthesia - ANSWER-• Phase I: Induction
, o IV medications and inhalational agents are administered by the anesthesia
provider.
• Phase II: Maintenance
o Medications and inhalational agents are administered to keep the patient
anesthetized.
• Phase III: Emergence o At the end of the procedure, the anesthetic agents are
discontinued or reversed to allow the patient to wake up.
Indemnity Payment - ANSWER-Payment made on behalf of the policy holder
Liability - ANSWER-A legal responsibility
Negligence - ANSWER-An act or failure to act that deviates from the standard
of care
Nursing Malpractice - ANSWER-A nurse's negligence or any intentional act that
causes physical, financial, emotional, psychosocial, and/or cognitive damage to
the person in the nurse's care
Respondeat Superior - ANSWER-An employer is legally responsible for the
nurse employee only when:
o The nurse acts within the scope of practice
o Any allegations brought against the nurse occurred during the nurse's
employment
o The nurse's actions were within the employer's best interests.
Tort - ANSWER-A breach of duty to another person as outlined by law
UPDATED QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS GRADED A+
What are the four elements of malpractice? - ANSWER-• Duty
• Breach of duty
• The breach of duty caused an injury
• The injury was harmful to the patient
Elements of Informed Consent - ANSWER-• Must be obtained by the licensed
professional who is performing the procedure
• The patient must give consent voluntarily with the full understanding of all
implications
• Must include
o Diagnosis
o Proposed treatment
o Treatment alternatives
o Consequences of accepting or declining the proposed treatment
Five Rights of Delegation - ANSWER-Right task
Right circumstance
Right person
Right communication and direction
Right supervision and evaluation
,Four types of patient privacy health care providers and personnel have an
ethical and legal responsibility to always maintain - ANSWER-• Medical
information
• Physical exposure
• Personal privacy
• Electronic privacy
Eight factors to consider before determining what anesthetic to use for a
particular patient - ANSWER-• Patient's age
• Length & type of surgery
• Patient & surgeon preferences
• Patient's co-existing diseases
• Patient's mental & psychological status
• Patient's previous experiences with anesthesia
• Plans & protocols for postoperative pain management
• Position of the patient during surgery
The American Society of Anesthesiologist's NPO Guidelines - ANSWER-• Clear
liquids - stop 2 hours before surgery
• Breast milk - stop 4 hours before surgery
• Infant formula - stop 6 hours before surgery
• Light meal (toast & a clear liquid) - stop 6 hours before surgery
• Fried foods, fatty foods, meat - stop 8 hours before surgery
Circulator RN duties during Induction of anesthesia and assisting anesthesia
professional with Cricoid Pressure - ANSWER-• Cricoid pressure application is
not released until the endotracheal (ET) tube cuff is inflated, tube placement is
,confirmed, and anesthesia provider has given a verbal confirmation to the
nurse that the cricoid pressure can be released.
• If intubation or ventilation of the patient becomes difficult, the perioperative
nurse should retrieve additional airway equipment and supplies.
General anesthesia - ANSWER-• A drug-induced reversible state of
unconsciousness
• Results in amnesia, analgesia, and loss of responsiveness, decreased stress
response, and loss of skeletal muscle reflexes to a varying degree
Regional anesthesia - ANSWER-• An injection of local anesthetics near nerve
fibers that causes reversible loss of sensation over an area of the body
• Examples include spinal, epidural, and peripheral nerve blocks.
Monitored anesthesia care (MAC) - ANSWER-An anesthesia provider monitors
the patient, administers sedatives and other agents as needed, and provides
medical services as required.
Moderate sedation - ANSWER-• The administration of sedative, analgesic,
and/or anxiolytic agents by a physician or by a nurse under physician
supervision
• Depending on state laws and hospital policies, an RN may administer
moderate sedation.
Local anesthesia - ANSWER-• The infiltration or topical administration of agents
to anesthetize a part of the body
• The perioperative nurse provides patient monitoring and supportive care.
Phases of general anesthesia - ANSWER-• Phase I: Induction
, o IV medications and inhalational agents are administered by the anesthesia
provider.
• Phase II: Maintenance
o Medications and inhalational agents are administered to keep the patient
anesthetized.
• Phase III: Emergence o At the end of the procedure, the anesthetic agents are
discontinued or reversed to allow the patient to wake up.
Indemnity Payment - ANSWER-Payment made on behalf of the policy holder
Liability - ANSWER-A legal responsibility
Negligence - ANSWER-An act or failure to act that deviates from the standard
of care
Nursing Malpractice - ANSWER-A nurse's negligence or any intentional act that
causes physical, financial, emotional, psychosocial, and/or cognitive damage to
the person in the nurse's care
Respondeat Superior - ANSWER-An employer is legally responsible for the
nurse employee only when:
o The nurse acts within the scope of practice
o Any allegations brought against the nurse occurred during the nurse's
employment
o The nurse's actions were within the employer's best interests.
Tort - ANSWER-A breach of duty to another person as outlined by law
