MNO3704 Assignment 3 Due 16 September 2024 (Detailed solution)
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Course
Environmental Management
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University Of South Africa
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ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT : A CORE TEXT FOR O LEVEL
Introduction South Africa is estimated to generate domestically a total of 12.7 million
tonnes of waste per annum. In the country, municipalities are facing increasing
pressures and challenges to provide waste management services due to the growing
waste generation. Every year approximately 3...
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MNO3704
Assignment 3
Semester 2
DUE 16 September 2024
, Question 1: Challenges in Municipal Waste Management
Municipal waste management in South Africa faces several significant challenges,
not only for local government and municipalities but also for households. According
to Polasi, Matinise, and Oelofse (2020), the challenges include:
• Insufficient Infrastructure and Resources: Many municipalities lack the
necessary infrastructure, such as waste collection vehicles and disposal sites,
which limits their ability to manage waste effectively. Additionally, budget
constraints hinder their ability to maintain and upgrade existing facilities.
• Ineffective Waste Collection Systems: A significant portion of waste, about
3.67 million tonnes annually, is not collected by formal systems. This gap in
waste collection leads to illegal dumping, which exacerbates environmental
degradation.
• Lack of Public Awareness and Participation: Households often lack
awareness about proper waste disposal practices and the importance of
waste separation at the source. This results in a lower rate of recycling and
increases the burden on municipal waste management systems.
• Legal and Policy Challenges: There are gaps in the enforcement of existing
waste management policies, leading to non -compliance by both municipalities
and the public. The legal framework, although present, often lacks the
necessary rigor and enforcement to ensure effective waste management.
• Urbanization and Population Growth: Rapid urbanization and population
growth increase the volume of waste generated, putting additional pressure
on already strained municipal services.
• Environmental Impact: The improper management of waste leads to
pollution, affecting soil, water, and air quality. This, in turn, has adverse
effects on public health and the natural environment.
• Financial Constraints: Many municipalities operate under financial
constraints, which limits their ability to invest in sustainable waste
management practices and infrastructure (Polasi et al., 2020).
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