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Nursing Final Exam Review Anatomy and Physiology.
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Nursing Final Exam Review Anatomy and Physiology1. •Anatomy-the branch of biology concerned with the study of the structure
of organisms and their parts.: What is anatomy?
2. •Physiology-the branch of biology dealing with the functions and activi-
ties of living organisms and their parts, including all physical and chemical
processes.: What is physiology?
3. •Dissection (to cut up)-The process of cutting apart or separating tissue as,
for example, in the study of anatomy or in the course of a surgical procedure.-
: What is Dissection?
4. •The human body is organized at different levels, starting with the chemical.
Followed by cells.
•Cells are organized into tissues.
•Tissues form organs.
•Organs are organized into organ systems such as the skeletal and muscular
systems.: What are the levels of organization in the human body?
5. frontal, transverse, sagittal: What are the different Planes?
6. • (also known as axial or horizontal) plane is parallel to the ground; in
humans it separates the superior from the inferior, or put another way, the
head from the feet.: Transverse
7. • (also known as frontal or lateral) plane is perpendicular to the ground; in
humans it separates the anterior from the posterior, the front from the back,
the ventral from the dorsal.: Coronal
8. •(also known as anteroposterior) plane is perpendicular to the ground,
separating left from right. The midsagittal plane is the specific sagittal plane
that is exactly in the middle of the body.: Sagittal
9. •is in the midline; i.e. it would pass through midline structures such as the
navel or spine, and all other sagittal planes (also referred to as parasagittal
planes) are parallel to it. Median can also refer to the midsagittal plane of other
structures, such as a digit.: The midsagittal or median plane
10. •Thoracic--also called chest cavity, the second largest hollow space of the
body.
•It is enclosed by the ribs, the vertebral column, and the sternum, or breast-
bone, and is separated from the abdominal cavity (the body's largest hollow
space) by the diaphragm: What is the thoracic cavity?
11. •Abdominal--a large cavity found in the torso between the thoracic cavity
and the pelvic cavity.
•It is separated from the thoracic cavity by the diaphragm.: What is the abdom-
inal cavity?
12. •Common name is the thigh
•Contains the femoral artery: What is the femoral Region?
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, Nursing Final Exam Review Anatomy and Physiology
13. •A mucous membrane or mucosa is a membrane that lines various cavities
in the body and covers the surface of internal organs.
•It consists of one or more layers of epithelial cells overlying a layer of loose
connective tissue.
•Some mucous membranes secrete mucus, a thick protective fluid.
• Line many tracts and structures of the body, including the mouth, nose,
eyelids, trachea (windpipe) and lungs, stomach and intestines, and the ureters,
urethra, and urinary bladder.
•It does not line every tract or structure of the body. For example: blood
vessels: What are Mucous membranes?
14. •The integumentary system includes the skin or cutaneous membrane
•It is made of three general layers.
• In order from most superficial to deepest they are the epidermis, dermis, and
subcutaneous tissue.: What is cutaneous membrane?
15. epidermis, dermis, hypodermis: What are the different layers of skin?
16. •the outermost layer of skin, provides a waterproof barrier and creates our
skin tone.: The epidermis
17. beneath the epidermis, contains tough connective tissue, hair follicles, and
sweat glands.: The dermis
18. •is made of fat and connective tissue. It stores the fat, so it can be used as
food. It acts as a "shock absorber". And helps regulate body temperature.: The
deeper subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis)
19. •These bumps are caused by a contraction of miniature muscles that are
attached to each hair.
•Each contracting muscle creates a shallow depression on the skin surface,
which causes the surrounding area to protrude.
•The contraction also causes the hair to stand up whenever the body feels
cold.
•These muscles are known as Arrector Pili: What causes your hair to stand on
end or goose bumps?
20. •A small gland in the skin which secretes a lubricating oily matter (sebum)
into the hair follicles to lubricate the skin and hair.: What are the sebaceous
glands?
21. •The rule of 9
•The rule of nines assesses the percentage of burn and is used to help guide
treatment decisions
•It consists of nine areas of the body, each covering about 11% of the body.: -
What is used to determine the severity of burns?
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