Exam (elaborations)
PCM 4.01: Epidemiological Concepts and Indicators of Health and Disease
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PCM 4.01: Epidemiological Concepts and Indicators of Health and Disease
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PCM 4.01: Epidemiological Concepts and Indicators ofHealth and Disease
○ Distribution - Who is affected? What is their
occupation? Where are they affected?
○ Determinants - Why are these people at risk?
○ Population - The focus of the study, not individual
patients
○ Control - The application of distribution, determinants to
control the health problems Correct Answers Factors affecting
epidemiology
○ Submolecular or molecular level: Cell biology and
biochemistry
○ Tissue or organ level: Anatomy and pathology
○ Personal level: Clinical medicine
○ Population level: Epidemiology Correct Answers Ways by
which disease is studied:
1. Identifying all risk factors:
- Primary goal: identify all NON-RANDOM factors
- Ultimate goal: IMPROVE the HEALTH of the population
2. Identifying the extent of disease in relevant target pops and
communities: emphasized on NEW EPIDEMICS and syndromes
3. Study natural history and prognosis of a disease
4. Evaluate modes of health care delivery
5. Study and identify health service utilization needs and trends
6. Provide foundations for public policy Correct Answers
Objectives and uses of epidemiology
15-49 yrs old Correct Answers Female Reproductive age
, Age Correct Answers Most important determinant among the
person variables
b. is FALSE: The agent must be present in any other disease as a
fortuitous and non-pathogenic agent
RIGHT ANSWER: The agent SHOULD NOT be present in any
other disease as
a fortuitous and non-pathogenic agent Correct Answers In the
Henle-Koch's Postulates of Disease Causation, which of the
following is NOT included?
a. The agent should be present in every case of the disease under
appropriate condition
b. The agent must be present in any other disease as a fortuitous
and non-pathogenic agent
c. The agent must be isolated from the body of the
individual in pure culture
d. It should induce disease in a new susceptible experiment
animal
b. Prevalence Rate - along with Incidence Rate are included in
MORBIDITY RATE Correct Answers Which of the ff is
INCLUDED in the determination of Morbidity Rate?
a. Proportionate MR
b. Prevalence Rate
c. Incidence MR
d. Specific Rate
Bernardino Ramazzini Correct Answers Father of Occupational
Medicine and Industrial Hygiene
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