Biochemistry Exam 1 Exam Questions
with 100% Correct Answers | Rated A+
Prokaryotes include how many domains of life? what are they? - two,
archaea and bacteria
95% of the cell is made up of what elements? - O,C,H,N
what are prokaryotes exclusively? - single cell organisms
why are prokaryotes...
Prokaryotes include how many domains of life? what are they? - ✔✔two,
archaea and bacteria
95% of the cell is made up of what elements? - ✔✔O,C,H,N
what are prokaryotes exclusively? - ✔✔single cell organisms
why are prokaryotes more adaptable to changing environments? what does
this allow them to do? - ✔✔simplicity and *rapid cell division* allows them
to evolve to colonize extreme environments
4 classes of monomers? - ✔✔1. amino acids
2. monosaccharides
3. nucleotides
4. lipids
amino acids components? polymer and linkage? - ✔✔1. carboxylic acid
group
2. side chain (R)
3. amino group
,(amino and carboxylic acid groups are both charged at physiological pH)
polymer = polypeptide, linked by condensation reaction between carboxylic
acid and amino groups (= peptide bond)
monosaccharide components? equation ratio? polymer and linkage? -
✔✔either a glucose/sugar *chain* of H-C-OH or a glucose/sugar *ring* with
H-C-OH substituents
equation: *1:1 carbon to oxygen*
polymer: polysaccharide, linked by a condensation reaction that leaves an
ether linkage (= glycosidic bond)
nucleotide components? polymer and linkage? - ✔✔a nitrogenous base
polymer: nucleic acid, linked by a phosphodiester bond
lipid components? equation ratio?
polymer? - ✔✔1. polar head
2. long non-polar region
, equation: large C:O,N,P ratio
polymer: (false- not actually a polymer) aggregates
polypeptide? - ✔✔polymer of amino acids linked by a peptide bond
protein? - ✔✔functional unit of one or more polypeptides
residue? - ✔✔a monomer that has been incorporated into a polymer by a
peptide bond
protein major function, minor function? (options: encode info, carry out
metabolic rxns, store energy, support structures) - ✔✔major: metabolic
reactions supports cellular structures
minor: energy storage
nucleic acid major function, minor function? (options: encode info, carry out
metabolic rxns, store energy, support structures) - ✔✔major: encode
information
minor: carry out metabolic reactions, support cellular structures
polysaccharide major function, minor function? (options: encode info, carry
out metabolic rxns, store energy, support structures) - ✔✔major: store
energy, support cellular structures
minor: encode information
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