Exam (elaborations)
ANCC FNP BOARD QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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ANCC FNP BOARD QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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ANCC FNP BOARD QUESTIONS AND ANSWERSA middle-age female patient presents to the clinic with a recurrence of mild hidradenitis
suppurativa after topical therapies failed. Which first-line treatment is recommended? -
Answers -Tetracycline
Twelve weeks of oral tetracycline (Sumycin) is the recommended first-line treatment for
hidradenitis suppurativa.
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Hidradenitis suppurativa is a disorder of the terminal follicular epithelium in apocrine
gland-bearing skin. It is a chronic, disabling disorder that progresses, often causing
keloids, contractures, and immobility. It is characterized by comedone-like follicular
occlusion, chronic and relapsing inflammation, mucopurulent discharge, and
progressive scarring.
Arthropathy associated with hidradenitis may be present. Typical presentation includes
nodules and sinus tracts (inflamed or noninflamed), abscesses, and scarring found in
the axilla, genitofemoral area, perineum, gluteal area, and inframammary area in
women.
Recommended treatments include antibiotics, steroids, retinoids, dapsone, and anti-
tumor necrosis factor agents. A dermatology consultation should also be considered.
First-line treatment is a 12-week course of an oral tetracycline (Sumycin) such as
doxycycline. For patients who do not respond to doxycycline, the next recommended
step is a combination of twice-daily clindamycin (Cleocin) and rifampicin (Rifadin) for 10-
12 weeks. If treatment fails, acitretin (Soriatane, for males and nonfertile females) or
dapsone (Aczone) may be considered by a dermatologist. In patients with moderate to
severe hidradenitis suppurativa, adalimumab (Humira) may possibly be considered.
When providing culturally competent health care services to an American Indian elder,
the nurse practitioner understands which is traditionally true? - Answers -The "Medicine
Wheel" is used by many for the purpose of health and healing
The "Medicine Wheel" is traditionally used and contains four directions; north, south,
east, and west. Traditionally each tribe has different meanings for each direction and
they may represent the season of the year or stage of life. It is aimed at providing a
holistic view of life.
________________________________________
An understanding of different cultural preferences leads to cultural competence in
healthcare. Some patients may value traditional culture and preferences as it relates to
healthcare. These individual preferences should be included in the interview and
treatment plan for patients.
Traditionally, the American Indian culture values a holistic approach to health care
integrating the person, lifestyle, environment, family, and religion. Patients adhering to
these traditional cultural practices often feel that illness is due to a lack of harmony with
the physical body, mind, spirit, and emotions. Patients may seek care from western
,medicine for specific ailments while also consulting with traditional healers for spiritual
guidance.
Healthcare providers should seek to understand relevant cultural factors and assess
each individual's healthcare literacy in order to provide culturally competent care.
The nurse practitioner sees an older adult patient in the clinic with the primary report of
hearing loss and a sensation of fullness in the right ear. The nurse practitioner suspects
conductive hearing loss. Which could contribute to this? - Answers -Cerumen,
commonly called earwax, is a combination of secretions and sloughed epithelial cells
that protects the ears from infection, water, and insects. It is normally expelled from the
ear canal through natural jaw movement. When this self-cleaning process fails,
cerumen can become impacted. Cerumen impaction occludes the ear canal and can
press against the tympanic membrane, resulting in conductive hearing loss.
_________________________________________
Conductive hearing is the transition of sound from the external and middle ear to the
inner ear. Conductive hearing loss is caused by problems in the external and middle ear
that interfere with the transmission of sound and its conversion to mechanical vibration.
Causes of conductive hearing loss include obstruction of the external auditory canal by
cerumen, foreign bodies, debris from otitis externa, and large exocytosis and osteomas.
Sensorineural hearing loss involves difficulty converting mechanical vibrations to
electrical potential in the cochlea or in auditory nerve transmission to the brain. It is
mostly caused by permanent damage in the organ of Corti. It can be caused by age-
related hearing loss, noise trauma, medications, autoimmune diseases, mechanical
trauma, Meniere disease, infection, and neoplasm (acoustic neuroma).
Approximately one-third of older adults between the ages of 61 and 70 years have
hearing loss. More than 90% of adults older than 85 years of age have hearing loss.
The most common type of hearing loss is age-related and sensorineural. All adults older
than 60 years of age should be screened for hearing loss at periodic health
examinations.
An otherwise healthy adult patient presents to the clinic with a diagnosis of community-
acquired pneumonia and no recent antibiotic therapy. Which is the best option for
treatment? - Answers -Amoxicillin
High-dose amoxicillin (Amoxil) or doxycycline are recommended as first-line therapy for
adults without comorbidities.
_____________________________________________
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is pneumonia not acquired in a hospital or long-
term care facility. Patients with suspected CAP should receive a chest X-ray for
diagnosis. The Pneumonia Severity Index should be used to assist in decisions
regarding the need for hospitalization in patients with CAP.
According to the American Thoracic Society (ATS) and the Infectious Diseases Society
of America (IDSA) 2019 guidelines, the initial treatment of CAP for most patients is
, amoxicillin or doxycycline. Macrolides are an option for treatment, but are no longer
recommended routinely as first-line treatment, given increased macrolide resistance.
This is a change from the 2007 ATS/IDSA guidelines. Respiratory fluoroquinolones and
amoxicillin/clavulanate should be used in patients who fail first-line medications, have
significant comorbidities, have had recent antibiotic therapy, are allergic to alternative
agents, or have a documented infection with highly drug-resistant pneumococci.
A patient presents to the clinic for conception counseling. She recently stopped taking
oral contraceptives and would like to become pregnant. Which statement about
conception safety after stopping oral contraceptives is correct? - Answers -
A 16-year-old male is in the office. He has a insect bite on his left forearm and you
suspect a brown recluse spider bite. What medical management would you provide? -
Answers -ice pack and elevation of the area
In addition to being overweight, the American Diabetes Association recommends type 2
diabetes mellitus testing in adults who: - Answers -have an HDL level of < 35 mg/dL
Which of the following found on an ECG would confirm atrial fibrillation? - Answers --
absent P waves
-irregular ventricular rate
As an FNP you understand that all of the following statements about chronic heart
failure are accurate EXCEPT: - Answers --The preponderance is in females until the
age of 75, then there is equal occurrence in males and females.
-Patients who are underweight have a greater risk of CHF.
The FNP has a 45-year-old male patient with BPH who has poison ivy. The FNP plans
to prescribe Benadryl for this. What is a possible adverse effect with the use of Benadryl
for this patient? - Answers -urinary retention
You are testing a client suspected of having Parkinson's disease. You support the
client's elbow with his forearm extended in your hand and grasp his wrist, flexing the
forearm. You find rigid resistance to this motion. This is considered which of the
following? - Answers -cogwheeling
The complex network of nerve fibers that innervate the organs within the abdomen like
the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, and gall bladder is the - Answers -enteric nervous
system
Aplastic anemia would be classified as which of the following? - Answers -normocytic
anemia
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