Describe an Ionic bond.
- ANS --Formed by an attraction between atoms with opposite charges, bond that
hold NaCl together, Involves a transfer of one or more electrons from one atom to
another, Leads to the formation of a crystal lattice rather than distinct molecules
and Weakest type of bond shown.
Describe a double covalent bond.
- ANS --hold a molecule of oxygen together, Involves 2 atoms sharing 4 electrons,
strongest type of bond shown and carbon dioxide is held together by this type of
bond.
T/F
A water molecule is held together by 2 single polar covalent bond
- ANS --TRUE
T/F
Because oxygen has a greater electronegativity than hydrogen, water molecules
are polar w/ 2 partial negative charges near the oxygen atom and one partial
positive charge near each hydrogen atom. - ANS --TRUE
T/F
Atoms differ in their affinity for neutrons, a property called electronegativity. -
ANS --FALSE
T/F
In general, electronegativity increases from left to right across each row of the
periodic table and also increases down each column. - ANS --FALSE
T/F
In a nonpolar covalent bond there is an equal sharing of electrons between two
atoms while polar covalent bonds involve an unequal sharing of electrons. - ANS --
TRUE
,T/F
A single molecule of Oxygen is held together by 2 double non polar covalent
bonds. - ANS --FALSE
T/F
A covalent bond is formed when 2 atoms share one or more pairs of electrons -
ANS --TRUE
T/F
Polar molecules are electrically neutral but the distribution of charge within the
molecule is not uniform. - ANS --TRUE
T/F
Although C and H differ slightly in electronegativity, this small difference is
negligible and C-H bonds are considered polar. - ANS --FALSE
T/F
Of the 4 most common elements found in living organisms, nitrogen has the
highest electronegativity and therefore, the greatest affinity for electrons. - ANS --
FALSE
T/F
A slightly positive hydrogen atom on one water molecule can attract the slightly
negative oxygen atom on a different water molecule, leading to the formation of
a hydrogen bond. - ANS --TRUE
What are properties of water? - ANS --A wide variety of substances can move
freely and interact within cells, the temp. of living organisms is relatively stable,
evaporation of water is used to cool body surface, lakes freeze from top down,
allowing fish and other life to survive below the surface and non polar molecules
tend to aggregate or organize in ways that minimize their contact w water.
As the pH scale increases the concentration becomes______. - ANS --Greater
pH's H+ concentration increases by ___. - ANS --10
, When given electronegativity subtracting the difference between the two
molecules will provide you with what information?
- ANS --If the atom is polar or nonpolar
Monosaccharides create what polymer? - ANS --Carbohydrates
Nucleotides create what polymer? - ANS --DNA
Fatty acids, glycerol creates what polymer? - ANS --Triglycerides
Amino acids create what polymer? - ANS --Protein
Describe Dehydration synthesis - ANS --A molecule of glycogen is formed by
linking glucose molecules through this process, this process removes water to link
2 or more amino acids and monomers are linked together through this process
Describe Denaturation. - ANS --This process does not involve breaking of peptide
bonds, but it does involve unfolding protein structure
Describe Hydrolysis. - ANS --Breaking DNA into nucleotides, adding water to break
proteins into amino acids and the separation of polymers into smaller units
Describe the primary structure. - ANS --Amino acid sequence and it determines all
other levels of protein structure
Describe the secondary structure. - ANS --Localized 3D structures and coil/sheet
arising from chemical attractions among amino acids
Describe Tertiary structure. - ANS --The overall shaper of a chain of amino acids
and it results when R groups move toward or away from water
Describe the quaternary structure. - ANS --Not all proteins have this level of
organization and interactions between multiple chains of amino acids
What might cause a protein to become nonfunctional? - ANS --An increase in the
pH of the surrounding solution, change in temp. near the protein, the surrounding
solutions shifts from water to oil, a change in amino acid sequence, decrease in
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