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Marine Biology Exam Review Chapters 1-3 Questions and Answers
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Marine Biology Exam Review Chapters 1-3 Questions and Answers
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Marine Biology Exam Review Chapters1-3 Questions and Answers
Why do some objects sink while others float? - Answer -Floating objects are supported
by an upward force called buoyancy
What is the relationship between a buoyant object and the water it displaces? - Answer
-The buoyant force on an object is equal to the weight of the liquid that the other object
displaces (pushes aside)
Why are many settlements situated along coasts? - Answer -Oceans were used for
transport and travel, so merchants found it cheaper to transport cargo by the sea (rather
than by land)
What special characteristics did Viking ships have? - Answer -The ships were about 15
to 50 meters long, made almost entirely of oak, and powered by sails and oars. The
main sail powered the boat when the winds were strong. When no wind blew, 32 people
would row the boat quickly (and safely) through the water. It had a flattened bottom that
allowed the ship to move safely even when in shallow water.
How did Magellan's voyage prove that Earth is round? - Answer -He eradicated the
commonly held belief that the Earth is flat for two major reasons. The lesser reason is
that he did not fall off the edge of the Earth, as it was believed. The primary reason,
however, was that he attempted to circumnavigate the world; he sailed in an enormous
circle around the globe, proving that it was round.
Describe Benjamin Franklin's contributions to the field of oceanography. - Answer -He
experimented with electricity, inventing a heating device. Aside from the heating device,
he was able to construct a map of the ocean currents (called the Gulf Stream). It's the
current that flows northeast, then turns and heads east across the Atlantic Ocean.
Why is Sir Charles Thompson considered by many to be the "founder of
oceanography?" - Answer -He is considered the "founder of oceanography" for his
incredible work during the Challenger expedition. Water samples were taken and
analyzed chemically. Sediments were dredged up from the ocean bottom and studied.
Recordings of temperature and pressure were made at many depths in the water
column. More than 4700 new species of marine organisms were discovered, described,
and cataloged. Data on tides, currents, and wave action was also collected. It filled a
, 50-volume Challenger Report, which was one of the most comprehensive studies ever
completed in the field of oceanography.
What do navigators and explorers have in common with scientists? - Answer -
Navigators and explorers both rely on the oceanographic information collected by other
scientists and individuals to provide them with an accurate map. However, as the sonar
was created, both explorers and navigators came to rely on the sonar as a much more
accurate way of mapping out the ocean
How did ancient people explore the undersea world? - Answer -The earliest records
show that ancient Greeks dove under for ornamental shells thousands of years ago.
However, they started making face masks containing flat glass that allowed them to see
underwater.
What advantages do submersibles have over scuba gear? - Answer -An important
advantage that a submersible has over scuba gear is that the submersible can be used
to go to greater depths
What advantages do robots have over submersibles? - Answer -The technology of
underwater explorations is changing rapidly. Untethered robots are being designed to
locate and recover objects on the deep ocean floor. By using robots to explore the world
beneath the sea, researchers have increased our knowledge of the ocean floor and its
inhabitants. With every dive made by a robot, a new region yields its secrets to the
probing camera eye.
How was the Titanic finally located? - Answer -A joint United States-French expedition
located the Titanic about 560 km southeast of Newfoundland, Canada. It was located
36000 meters underwater using advanced marine technology. Sonar technology was
used to locate it, while Argo searched along the ocean floor.
What actually caused the sinking of the Titanic? - Answer -Six narrow openings filled
with water. Scientists discovered that the collision with the iceberg tore the hull in
several places, breaking the steel rivets that held together the steel plates covering the
ship The compartments inside the ship's hull had watertight bulkheads (walls). However,
water poured in over the bulkheads, flooding 6 out of 16 compartments in succession,
causing the boat to sink.
Aqua-Lung - Answer -A tank of compressed air that is strapped to the diver's back
Aquanauts - Answer -Scientists who explore the undersea world
Archimedes' Principle - Answer -States that the buoyant force on any object is equal to
the weight of the liquid that the object displaces
Bathyscaphe - Answer -A deep-diving vessel developed in the 1950's
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