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Exam (elaborations)

PCE Neurology Exam Questions & Answers 2024/2025

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  • PCE Neurology

PCE Neurology Exam Questions & Answers 2024/2025 When should sensation be tested? How should it be tested? - ANSWERSTested before assessing motor function/coordination Vision should be occluded during but not during explanation Provide normal stim to area of intact sensation before ...

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  • September 2, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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  • PCE Neurology
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PCE Neurology Exam Questions &
Answers 2024/2025

When should sensation be tested? How should it be tested? - ANSWERSTested before assessing motor
function/coordination



Vision should be occluded during but not during explanation



Provide normal stim to area of intact sensation before



Order of testing: superficial (pain, temp, light touch, pressure), deep (proprioception, kinesthesia,
vibration), combined cortical (stereognosis, tactile localization, 2-pt discimination, double simultaneous
stim, graphesthesia)




Record: modality tested, area affected, severity of involvement, subjective feelings about altered
sensation, potential impact



What are the two approaches to treating sensory impairment? - ANSWERSCompensatory (how to
accomodate w sensory impairment to accomplish tasks - goal to achieve functional capacity by
developing alternate strategies and enviro adaptations in safe way)



Sensory Integration (functional skills through guided pratcice w controlled sensory intake - goal to
enhance sensory integration to effect motor performance)



What are Allodynia, Analgesia, Causalgia, Dysesthesia, Hyperalgesia, Hyperasthesia, Hypoalgesia, and
Parasthesia? - ANSWERSAllodynia - non-noxious stim prod pain



Analgesia - loss of pain sensitivity (can't feel pain)

,Causalgia - burning painful sensation, often along N distribution



Dysestehsia - touch sensation prod pain



Hyperalgesia - heightened sensitivity to pain



Hyperasthesia - heightened sensitivity to sensory stim



Hypoalgesia - decr sensitivity to pain



Paresthesia - abnormal sensation w no apparent cause



What are the S/S of a UMN and LMN lesion? - ANSWERSUMN - spastic paralysis, no
atrophy/fasciculations, hyperreflexive, incr tone, hyperactive stretch reflex, involuntary flexor/extensor
spasms, clonus/babinski



LMN - flaccid paralysis, atrophy, fascicultations, hyporeflexia, decr tone/reflexes, msk
fasciculations/fibrillations w denervation



What are the Types of Abnormal Tone? Include any subgroups - ANSWERSHypertonia (incr tonicity)

- spasticity (velocity dependent)

- rigidity (velocity independent - incl leadpipe and cogwheel subtypes)



Hypotonia (decr tonicity)



Dystonia (disordered tonicity)

- generalized

- focal

- segmental

,What are some intervention strategies for abnormal tone, hypotonia, and hypertonia? -
ANSWERSAbnormal tone - stretch, cast, splint, orthoses, sensory stim



Hypotonia - decr support, incr resistance, joint compression, manual facilitation



Hypertonia - incr support, modify tasks, position in lengthened positions, heat



What are the grades of the Modified Ashworth Scale? - ANSWERS0 - no incr in tone



1 - slight incr in tone (catch/release or minimal resistance at end ROM)



1+ - slight incr in tone (catch followed by min resistance through remainder of ROM)



2 - more marked incr in tone through most ROM but affected easily moved



3 - considerable incr in tone, passive movement hard



4 - affect part rigid in flex/ext



What are the grades of DTR reflexes? If someone is having trouble relaxing what can you do for the UE or
LE? - ANSWERS0 - no response



1+ - decr response



2+ - normal response



3+ - exaggerated response



4+ clonus/very brisk

, UE: cross LE's at ankles and isometrically abduct LE's

LE: interlock fingertips and isometrically pull elbows apart



What are the UMN reflexes that can be tested? - ANSWERSConus (ankle DF and hold in full position -
abnormal is sustained clonus of 5+ beats)



Babinski (run pointed object along plantar foot from heel to ball - abnormal is splaying of toes/extension)



Hoffman (flick DIP of middle finger into flexion - abnormal is reflex flexion of distal phalanx of thumb and
distal phalanx of index/middle finger



What tests can we use in order to assess balance? - ANSWERSClinical Test for Sensory Integration in
Balance (CTSIB)



Romberg Test



Functional Reach Tests (FR)



Berg Balance Scale (BBS)



Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment (POMA)



Get up and Go Test (GUG)



Timed Up and Go Test (TUG)



Community Balance and Mobility Scale (CB&M)

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